Lab Practical 2 Respiration

Front 1

Name A, B, C, D and E

Back 1

A.paranasal sinuses
B.nasal cavity
C.pharynx
D.vocal cords
E.larynx

Front 2

Name A and B

Back 2

A. trachea
B. bronchus

Front 3

Name A, B, C, D and E

Back 3

A. pharynx
B. tongue
C. larynx
D. esophagus
E. epiglottis

Front 4

Name A, B, C and D

Back 4

A. paranasal sinuses
B. nasal cavity
C. pharynx
D. trachea

Front 5

Name A, B, C and D

Back 5

A. trachea
B. bronchus
C. lung
D. diaphragm

Front 6

Name A and B

Back 6

A. bronchiole
B. alviolus

Front 7

Name A, B and C.

Back 7

A. larynx
B. trachea
C. bronchus

Front 8

Name A, B, C and D

Back 8

A. epiglottis
B. hyoid bone
C. glottis
D. vocal cords

Front 9

Name A, B, C, D and E

Back 9

A.vocal cords
B.epiglottis
C.thyroid cartilage
D.arytenoid cartilage
E.cricoid cartilage

Front 10

Name A, B, C, D and E

Back 10

A. thyroid cartilage
B. cricoid cartilage
C. epiglottis
D. hyoid bone
E. trachea

Front 11

Name A, B, C and D

Back 11

A. epiglottis
B. arytenoid cartilage
C. cricoid cartilage
D. trachea

Front 12

Name A, B and C

Back 12

A.thyroid cartilage
B.arytenoid cartilage
C.hyoid bone

Front 13

Name A, B, C and D

Back 13

A. hyoid bone
B.thyroid cartilage
C.trachea
D.thyroid gland

Front 14

What is the function of the sinuses?

Back 14

warms and moisten air, traps debris in mucus secretions

Front 15

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Back 15

elastic cartilage flap that covers airway opening during swallowing

Front 16

What is the function of a bronchiole?

Back 16

it’s a conducting tube able to constrict or dilate (lacks hyaline cartilage)

Front 17

What is the function of the alveoli?

Back 17

site of gas exchange with capillaries

Front 18

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Back 18

diaphragm contracts and flattens during inhalation increasing thoracic space, and reverses relaxing during exhalation

Front 19

The cricoid/thyroid cartilage are made of what kind of cartilage?

Back 19

hyaline

Front 20

The epiglottis is made of what kind of cartilage?

Back 20

elastic

Front 21

The C-rings in the trachea are made of what kind of cartilage?

Back 21

hyaline

Front 22

The bronchus or bronchi are made of what type/s of tissue?

Back 22

PSCCE (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium) and hyaline cartilage

Front 23

The bronchioles are made out of what type/s of tissue?

Back 23

simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

Front 24

The alveoli are made of what type/s of tissue?

Back 24

simple squamous epithelium tissue

Front 25

The parietal pleura is which?

Back 25

it lines the wall of the thoracic cavity

Front 26

The visceral pleura is which?

Back 26

covers the lungs themselves

Front 27

What are the four layers of the trachea?

Back 27

mucosa, submucosa, cartilage, adventitia

Front 28

What is the submucosa layer of the trachea made of?

Back 28

areolar connective tissue w/glands (simple cuboidal)

Front 29

What is the cartilage layer of the trachea made up of?

Back 29

hyaline cartilage

Front 30

What is the adventitia layer of the trachea made up of?

Back 30

areolar connective tissue

Front 31

What is the function of the mucosa layer of the trachea?

Back 31

moves debris away from lungs and traps microbes

Front 32

What is the function of the submucosa layer of the trachea?

Back 32

secrete mucus to trap debris

Front 33

What is the function of the cartilage layer of the trachea?

Back 33

provide patent (open) airway

Front 34

What is the function of the adventitia layer of the trachea?

Back 34

holds trachea in place

Front 35

What do the intercostals muscles and rib cage do during inhalation?

Back 35

contract – elevate/expand ribcage

Front 36

What does the diaphragm do during inhalation?

Back 36

contracts and depresses inferiorly

Front 37

What does the elastic connective tissue in the lungs do during inhalation?

Back 37

stretches and stretches lungs

Front 38

What do the pleural membranes do during inhalation?

Back 38

increase the size/volume of the thoracic cavity

Front 39

What do the intercostals muscles and the rib cage do during exhalation?

Back 39

relaxes and ribs return to original position

Front 40

What does the diaphragm do during exhalation?

Back 40

relaxes, moves superiorly

Front 41

What does the elastic connective tissue in lungs do during exhalation?

Back 41

recoils to original size

Front 42

What do the pleural membranes do during exhalation?

Back 42

recoil and decrease size/volume of thoracic cavity

Front 43

What is/are the function/s of the nasal cavities?

Back 43

warms and moistens air, traps debris in mucus secretions

Front 44

What is/are the function/s of the pharynx?

Back 44

common pathway for food and air

Front 45

What is/are the function/s of the larynx?

Back 45

contains vocal folds, provides a patent (open) airway

Front 46

What is/are the function/s of the vocal folds?

Back 46

alter sound pitch when tension or length changed

Front 47

What is/are the function/s of the trachea?

Back 47

provides a patent (open airway)

Front 48

What is/are the function/s of the lung?

Back 48

organ that contains both conduction and respiratory structures

Front 49

What is/are the function/s of the bronchi?

Back 49

conducting tube which enters lungs

Front 50

What is the mucosa layer of the trachea made up of?

Back 50

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium w/goblet cells

Front 51

Describe the effect of hyperventilation on O2 and CO2 levels? Why?

Back 51

O2 levels increase CO2 levels decrease because of inhaling/exhaling O2/CO2 rapidly

Front 52

Describe the effects of rebreathing on O2/CO2 levels – why?

Back 52

each stays normal, rebreathing is normal breathing

Front 53

Describe the effect of hypoventilation on O2/CO2 levels? Why?

Back 53

O2 goes down, CO2 goes up – too little O2 is being brought in and too little CO2 is being released

Front 54

Which vial, green or blue has more CO2?

Back 54

green

Front 55

Excess CO2 in the blood causes it to be acidic or alkaline?

Back 55

acidic

Front 56

The Ph of blood that is acidic is high, or low?

Back 56

low

Front 57

In respiratory acidosis, CO2 _________, O2 ___________, Ph ___________

Back 57

Increases, decreases, decreases

Front 58

In respiratory alkalosis, CO2 ___________, O2 _________, pH ___________

Back 58

decreases, increases, increases

Front 59

In metabolic acidosis, HCO3 _____________, pH ________________

Back 59

decreases, decreases

Front 60

In metabolic alkalosis, HCO3 _____________, pH ______________

Back 60

increases, increases

Front 61

What are the causes of respiratory acidosis?

Back 61

hypoventilation, emphysema, pulmonary edema

Front 62

What are the causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Back 62

hyperventilation, anxiety

Front 63

What are the causes of metabolic acidosis?

Back 63

ketosis

Front 64

What are the causes of metabolic alkalosis?

Back 64

diuretics, antacids

Front 65

What is the carbonic acid formula?

Back 65

CO2-->H2O<-->H2CO3<-->H+ + HCO3-

Front 66

What is H2CO3?

Back 66

carbonic acid

Front 67

What is HCO3-?

Back 67

bicarbonate

Front 68

Name A, B and C

Back 68

A-vein
B-bronchiole
C-alveoli

Front 69

Name A, B, C and D

Back 69

A - mucosa layer
B - submucosa layer
C - hyaline cartilage layer
D - serosa (adventitia)

Front 70

Name the tissues for A, B, C and D

Back 70

A - pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (PSCCE) w/goblet cells
B - areolar connective tissue w/glands (simple cuboidal)
C - hyaline cartilage
D - areolar connective tissue

Front 71

Name the tissues for B and C

Back 71

B - simple cuboidal
C - simple squamous

Front 72

what are the conduction portions of the respiratory system?

Back 72

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Front 73

What is the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

Back 73

alveoli

Front 74

What does PSCCE stand for?

Back 74

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue