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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the functions of blood (7) |
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What is in blood plasma |
91% H2O 9% proteins |
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After plasma has been aloowed to clot is is called |
serum |
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Serum lacks |
protein fibrinogen and other factors that were consumed in the clotting process |
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RBS's are WBS's are Platelets are |
- Erythrocytes - Leukocytes/Leucocytes - Thrombocytes (large megakaryocytes in bone marrow) |
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HCT normal range for: Men: Women: And describe hematocrit graph |
- 46% - 42% |
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Low Hematocrit: High ": |
Low: Anemia Bleeding Desctruction of RBS Leukemia Malnutrition Deficiencies of IRon, Folate, B12 and B6 Overhydration High: Congenital Heart disease Cor pulmonale debydration erythrocytosis Hypoxia (low blood oxygen levels) Pulmonary Fibrosis Polycythemia vera |
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Granulocytes (3) |
Neutrophils: 50-70% Phagocytize bacteria Enosinophils: 1-3% attack some paracites, inactivate substances realsed from basophils (histamines) and mast cells Basophils: 0-1% Release histamines, heparin, and others when activated by T-lymphocytes |
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Argranulocytes (2) |
Lymphpocytes: 25-35%, 5 types Monocytes: 5-10%, phagocyte: remove cellular debris and dying RBC's |
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Lymphocytes: B-Lymps: |
Make antibodies |
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Lymphocytes: NK cells |
Kills virus infected cells and some tumor cells |
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Lymphocytes: T-lymps |
Kill virus infected cells and controls the activities of other leukocytes |
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Neutrophils |
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Eosinophils pic |
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Basophil pic |
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Granulocytes pictures |
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Visual differences b/w lymphocytes and monocytes |
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Hemostasis: 4 steps |
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Explain intrinsi pathway (contact activation) |
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What is the extrinsic pathway |
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Anticlotting mechanisms: Vascular endothelial cells release.... and plasma contains |
antithrombin (enhanced by heparin from mast cells and basophils) |
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Describe Innate immune response |
Early, quick response, pathogen associated molecular pattern response (PAMP's; cell wall or nucleic acids) which bind pattern recognition receptors, many are toll-like receptors on surfaces of cells of the innate immune response |
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Think of Inate vs Acquired Venn diagram |
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Five classes of Immunoglobulin |
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IgM actions to different stimuli |
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IgD actions to different stimuli |
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IgG actions to different stimuli |
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IgA actions to different stimuli |
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IgE actions to different stimuli |
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Complement pathway: Alternative |
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Complement pathway: Classical |
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Compement pathway: Lectin |
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RBC Type chart (agglutinogens [don't cause agglutination] determine type) |
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Blood type chart: O- |
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Blood type chart: A+ |
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Blood type chart: B- |
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Blood type chart: AB+ |
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Note Blood Typing reaction chart, a reaction would indicate that it is that type. |
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Exocrine Secretions of the stomach (4) From Chief cells, Parietal cells, Mucous cells, and epithelial |
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Endocrine sections of the stomach |
Enero-endocrine cells G-cells: gastrin Ghrelin-secreting cells: Ghrelin |
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The center of the intestinal villi contains |
-Capillary network -blind-ended lymphatic: a lacteal -Epithelial cells covering villi that form brush broder |
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Describe the Cypts of Liberkuhn |
Between the vilii paneth cells stem cells secretes fluid containing antimicrobial proteins called defensins, lysozyme, and phospholipase A2 (Paneth cells) |
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Endocrine secretions of small intestines (3) |
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Describe the Duodenum |
short curved tube about 12 inches, has glands of Brunner(alkaline mucus secretion) |
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Large intestines lacks |
Lacks villi but has many crypts Has goblet cells that secrete a protective alkaline mucus |
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Salivary glands function (5) |
Lubricate to assist swallowing, mositens mucosa of mouth cavity, secretes salivary amylase, has antimicrobial proteins and lysozyme |
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Liver functions (10) |
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Describe Bile |
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Carb digestion: 1. Mouth uses 2. Pancreas uses 3. Small intestine uses |
1. salicary plhpa amylase breaks starches, glycogen, and polysaccharides 2. Pancreatic juice in small intestines breaks polysaccharies into saccharide chains (oligosaccharides) 3. Brush border enzymes break into monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, frutose) and are absorbed and enter epithelial cells |
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Protein digestion steps (4) |
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Outline mucosa parts |
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Gastrin: |
increases stomach motility and secretion |
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CCK |
initiates gallblader contraction and pacreatic enxyme secretion |
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Secretin |
stimulates bicarbonate secretion, inbits stomach motility |
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GIP |
poor inhibitor of gastric activity |
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Kidney functions (6) |
1. Water balance control which is also associate with blood pressure, ionic balance, Renin-ANGT-ALD system, osmotic pressure (h2o and salt secretion) 2. Acid base balance 7.35-7.45 3.Excretion of waste (urea) 4. Other excretions 5. RBC production and erythropoietin 6. Production of calitriol through sunlight conversion steps |
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Hormones targeting the kidney |
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Table of molecules reabsorbed |
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parathyroid hormone does what |
controls blood calcium levesl by increasing calcium absoption in the kidney. Also stimulates conversion of vitamin D3 to calitriol by kidney which then calictriol stimulate scalcium absorption in the intestine |
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Are the following organs Mesenterires or tretroperitoenal Liver Jejunum Ascending colon |
Mes Mes retroperitioneal |
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Mucoas has 3 sublayers |
lamina propria, muscularis exterina, epitheilia lining |
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Pharynx has 3 segments, name 2 |
nasopharynx, oropharynx |
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Name the 4 processes of digestion |
motility, absorbtion, digestion, secretion |
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Name the enzyme that dissolves these: Protein Carb Nucleic acids |
Pepsin Amylase Dnase/RNAse |
