Lab Exam 2

Front 1

clavicle

Back 1

collarbone

Front 2

scapula

Back 2

shoulder blade

Front 3

humerus

Back 3

upper arm;longest/largest upper limb

Front 4

ulna

Back 4

longer forearm bone;little finger

Front 5

radius

Back 5

shorter forearm bone; thumb

Front 6

carpals

Back 6

eight bones wrist

Front 7

metacarpals

Back 7

bones in hand/palm

Front 8

fibula

Back 8

smaller/slender leg bone

Front 9

tibia

Back 9

shin bone/ larger leg bone

Front 10

patella

Back 10

kneecap

Front 11

tarsals

Back 11

seven bones ankle/heel

Front 12

metatarsals

Back 12

five bone in feet

Front 13

ribs

Back 13

24 bones; 1-7 increase;8-12 decrease

Front 14

vertebrae

Back 14

26 bones; sacrum(hip), coccyx(tailbone)

Front 15

skull

Back 15

28 bones; middle ear, immovable joints

Front 16

hyoid

Back 16

single, U shaped bone in throat

Front 17

flexion

Back 17

bending parts at a join(elbow,knee)

Front 18

extension

Back 18

straightening parts(elbow, knee)

Front 19

hyperextensions

Back 19

extension of parts beyond anatomical position

Front 20

abduction

adduction

Back 20

moving a part away from midline

moving part back to midline

http://www.medtrng.com/abductionadduction.gif

Front 21

circumduction

Back 21

moving part so end follows circular path(moving finger in circle motion w/o moving hand)

Front 22

supination

Back 22

turning hand so palm is upward(anteriorly)

Front 23

pronation

Back 23

turning hand so palm is downward (posteriorly)

Front 24

eversion

Back 24

turning foot so sole faces laterally(towards outside)

move sole foot so faces medially(inside)

http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRjhNAuAplZYqZWpVtAeY86itE6XgnhgawQz6Fbb37MskTdGYfN-Q

Front 25

protraction

Back 25

moving part forward(chin forward)

Front 26

retraction

Back 26

moving backward(chin back)

Front 27

elevation

Back 27

shrugging shoulders

Front 28

depression

Back 28

lowering a part(drooping shoulders)

Front 29

immovable joint

Back 29

skull

Front 30

freely movable joint

Back 30

synovial joints (finger)

Front 31

slightly movable joints

Back 31

fibrous joints (pelvic)

cartilaginous joints(between vertebrae)

Front 32

ball and socket

Back 32

movement and twisting (hip, shoulder joint)

Front 33

hinge joint

Back 33

allows movement in only one plane (knee, elbows, fingers, toes, jaw)

Front 34

gliding joint

Back 34

permit sliding(lateral vertebral joints)

Front 35

combination joint

Back 35

several joints. rotation and side-to-side sliding (jaw)

Front 36

why new combinations of characteristics be advantageous?

Back 36

As characteristics change and different ones come to the surface, the species is refined to survive in its current environment. In nature, only the most survivable characteristics make it to the next generation leaving those which are a hindrance to die-off.

Front 37

why new combinations of characteristics be deletrious?

Back 37

t would be deleterious in a species that is already well-adapted to a very stable environment.