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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vegetative Cells |
protect themselves from environmetal conditions: nutrient limitation, waste accumulation, temperature changes begins process of sporulation and form endospores water, amini acid, organic salt must be available to germinate appear red when stained (safranin) include only members of Bacillus (aerobe) and Clostridium (anaerobe) |
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Endospore |
a survival structure formed within the bacterial cell wall that allows the cell to survive until environmental conditions improve can exist as a resting spore for decades- 25 million yrs + germinates to release vegetative cell very resistant and difficult to destroy difficult to stain hard to see with normal staining techniques appear blue when stained (malachite green) biological weapons |
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Forespore |
a region of the septum matures and becomes an endospore |
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Sporangium |
a region of the septum metabolically active and produces and deposits compounds necessary for the completion of the spore coat layers |
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Terminal Endopore |
an endospore that develops at the end of a cell |
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Central Endospores |
an endospore that develops in the middle of the cell |
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Subterminal Endospores |
an endospore located b/w the center and the end of the cell |
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Spore |
free spore an endospore released from cell |
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Bacillus, Clostridium |
most common genera of bacteria that produce endospores |
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Gram Positive Spore Formers |
16 genera |
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Gram Negative Spore Formers |
1 genus |
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Spore Coat |
keratin, protein, calcium, dipicolinic acid, and peptydoglycan |
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Endospores Contain |
a copy of organism's chromosomes, cytoplasm, a small amount of cell machinery |
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Endospores Survive |
heat, drying, freezing, radiation, chemicals, pressure |
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Germinataion |
the breaking of dormancy endospores revert back to active vegetative cells occurs in 2 hours |
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Amino Acid, Organic Salt |
must be present during germination stimulate the formation of digestive enzymes which breakdown the cortex and expose the core to water |
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Bacillus anthracis |
forms endospores and causes cutaneous anthrax, pulmonary anthrax, gastrointestinal anthrax |
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Bacillus cereus |
forms endospores causes gastrointersinal |
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Clostridium tetani |
forms spores causes tetanus- spastic paralysis, lockjaw |
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Clostridium perfringens |
forms spore causes gas gangrene (anaerobic cellulitits)- myonecrosis, necroitizing myositis |
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Clostridium botulinum |
forms spores causes botulism- flaccid paralysis |
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Clostridium difficile |
forms spores causes colitis |
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Schaeffer-Fulton |
a spore stain uses heat to force the stain through resistant spore coat primary dye- malachite green decolorizer- water rinse counterstain- safranin |
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Malachite Green |
a primary dye for Schaeffer-Fulton spore/endospore stain makes cells/spores blueish green dyes spores/endospores |
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Spore Stain |
a differential/structural stain |
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Safranin |
a secondary stain used to counterstain vegetative cells a red stain |
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Heating |
enhances primary stain, malachite green into the endospore |
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Steaming Water Bath |
provides an effective means to heat slides |
