Lab - A&p

Front 1

The largest or principal portion of the bone

Back 1

Body

Front 2

The enlarged and often rounded end of a bone which articulates with another bone

Back 2

Head

Front 3

The constricted part of a bone lying between the head and the body

Back 3

Neck

Front 4

A pronounced bend in the bone

Back 4

Angle

Front 5

A small, smooth articular surface which may be flat, concave, or convex

Back 5

Facet

Front 6

A smooth and rounded knob with articulates with another bone

Back 6

Condyle

Front 7

A protuberance located above a condyle

Back 7

Epicondyle

Front 8

A prominent but narrow ridge

Back 8

Crest

Front 9

An elevated narrow ridge

Back 9

Spine

Front 10

Prominent protuberance on the surface of a bone

Back 10

Process

Front 11

A small rounded protuberance

Back 11

Tubercle

Front 12

A moderate protuberance

Back 12

Tuberosity

Front 13

A very large protuberance on the femur

Back 13

Trochanter

Front 14

A shallow, wide, or elongated depression on the surface of a bone

Back 14

Fossa

Front 15

A depression on the edge of a bone

Back 15

Notch

Front 16

A tunnel which penetrates a bone

Back 16

Canal

Front 17

A large opening that gives way to a canal

Back 17

Meatus

Front 18

An often rounded hole which pierces a bone

Back 18

Foramen

Front 19

Movement back-and-forth or side-to-side, with no rotation or angular motion

Back 19

Gliding

Front 20

Movement which draws bones toward each other, or decreases the angle of the joint to the bone

Back 20

Flexion

Front 21

Movement which separates bones from one another, or increases the angle of the joint to the bone

Back 21

Extension

Front 22

Moving part of the body away from the midline of body. (For fingers and toes it is relative to midline of hand or foot)

Back 22

Abduction

Front 23

Moving a part toward the midline of the body

Back 23

Adduction

Front 24

The movement of a bone around its own axis, with no other simultaneous motion

Back 24

Rotation

Front 25

Motion where the proximal end of a bone is stable and the distal end moves in the form of a cone

Back 25

Circumduction

Front 26

A motion of the forearm which turns the palm backward or downward from the elbow. It does not rotate the humerus.

Back 26

Pronation

Front 27

A motion of the forearm which turns palm forward or upward from the elbow. It does not rotate the humerus.

Back 27

Supination

Front 28

Moves sole of foot inward towards the opposite foot at the ankle

Back 28

Inversion

Front 29

Moves the sole outward at ankle away from the other foot

Back 29

Eversion

Front 30

Flexing the foot upward at the ankle

Back 30

Dorsiflexion

Front 31

Flexing the foot downward at the ankle

Back 31

Plantar Flexion

Front 32

Movement of a bone forward or anteriorly parallel to the ground

Back 32

Protraction

Front 33

Movement of a bone backward or posteriorly parallel to the ground

Back 33

Retraction

Front 34

A movement that raises a bone vertically, or upward

Back 34

Elevation

Front 35

A movement that lowers a bone vertically

Back 35

Depression

Front 36

Parallel to the long axis of the muscle. They are generally long strap like muscles that can generate much force. The strongest of these muscles are fusiform in shape (wide in the middle and tapered at each end)

Back 36

Parallel

Front 37

Fan-like muscles. The fascicles are broad at the origin and taper to a narrow insertion. This arrangement functions to concentrate the force of the muscle contraction into a small area.

Back 37

Convergent

Front 38

The fascicles are attached to the tendon in a feather-like manner, The tendon is the shaft of the feather and the fascicles are the vane. There are 3 types of this muscle.

Back 38

Pennate

Front 39

These are sphincter muscles. The fascicles surround an opening. The action of the muscle increases or decreases the diameter of the opening.

Back 39

Circular

Front 40

When the occipitalis is contracted, this muscle raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the skin of the forehead. When the occipitalis is relaxed, it draws the skin anteriorly.

Back 40

Frontalis

Front 41

It pulls the skin posteriorly

Back 41

Occipitalis

Front 42

Together they extend the head by flexing the cervical portion of the vertebral column. Alone they turn the head in the direction opposite of the contraction

Back 42

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 43

Acts with the massester to raise and pull back the mandible

Back 43

Temporalis

Front 44

Raises and pulls back the lower mandible, closes the mouth, and clenches the teeth. It also may move the mandible from side to side.

Back 44

Massester

Front 45

Closes and protrudes the lips and pulls the lips back against the teeth

Back 45

Orbicularis Oris

Front 46

Elevates and draws the scapula medially. It also extends and/or flexes the head

Back 46

Levator scapulae

Front 47

Extends the head when contracting together, and rotates the head when contracting singly.

Back 47

Splenius Capitis

Front 48

Elevates and helps the scapula rotate when adducting the arm

Back 48

Rhomboideus Minor

Front 49

Depresses and abducts the scapula, rotates it down and stabilizes it

Back 49

Pectoralis Minor

Front 50

Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the humerus inward

Back 50

Pectoralis Major

Front 51

Abducts the scapula and rotates it upward. It also lifts the ribs when the scapula is fixed.

Back 51

Serratus Anterior

Front 52

Compresses the abdomen and can rotate the vertebral column

Back 52

(Internal) Oblique

Front 53

Compresses the abdomen and can rotate the vertebral column

Back 53

(External) Oblique

Front 54

Flexes the lumbar region of the vertebral column and compresses the abdomen

Back 54

Rectus Abdominis

Front 55

Elevates and/or adducts the scapula, rotates the scapula up or down, and draws the head back when the shoulders are fixed

Back 55

Trapezius

Front 56

Elevates and rotates the scapula downward while adducting the arm

Back 56

Rhomboideus Major

Front 57

It laterally rotates and abducts the arm at the shoulder

Back 57

Infraspinatus

Front 58

Laterally rotates, extends, and adducts the humerus at the shoulder and stabilizes the elbow joint.

Back 58

Teres Minor

Front 59

Assists the extension of the humerus, medially rotates the humerus, helps rotate the scapula downward

Back 59

Teres Major

Front 60

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder. Also draws the arm inferiorly and posteriorly

Back 60

Latissimus Dorsi

Front 61

Connective tissue that acts as the origin for muscles of the lower back

Back 61

Lumbodorsal Fascia

Front 62

Abducts the arm at the shoulder, flexes and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder, and extends and laterally rotates the arm at the shoulder

Back 62

Deltoid

Front 63

Flexes the arm and forearm at the shoulder and elbow respectively and rotates the radius to supinate the hand

Back 63

Biceps Brachii

Front 64

Flexes the forearm at the elbow

Back 64

Brachialis

Front 65

Antagonistic to the brachialis, extends the forearm and arm at the elbow and shoulder respectively

Back 65

Triceps Brachii

Front 66

Extends and abducts the hand at the wrist functioning in radial hand movement at the wrist

Back 66

Extensor Carpi Radialis

Front 67

Pronates the forearm and aids in flexing the forearm at the elbow

Back 67

Pronator Teres

Front 68

Flexes the forearm at the elbow and supinates and pronates the forearm at the joint between the radius and ulna so the forearm is in a neutral position

Back 68

Brachioradialis

Front 69

Flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist

Back 69

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Front 70

Aids the deltoid when abducting the arm at the humerus

Back 70

Supraspinatus

Front 71

Extends the four medial digits, spreads the digits as it extends them, extends the wrist is the fingers are flexed

Back 71

Extensor Digitorum

Front 72

Flexes and rotates the thigh away from the midline at the hip

Back 72

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Front 73

Flexes and draws the thigh toward the midline at the hip and medially rotates the thigh

Back 73

Pectineus

Front 74

Laterally rotates the thigh toward the midline and flexes the thigh at the hip

Back 74

Adductor Longus

Front 75

Flexes the calf at the knees and flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh is flexed at the hip

Back 75

Sartorius

Front 76

Extends the four lateral toes and everts the foot at the ankle

Back 76

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Front 77

Extends the leg at the knee

Back 77

Vastus Lateralis & Vastus Medialis

Front 78

Extends the leg at the knee Also flexes the thigh at the hip

Back 78

Rectus Femoris

Front 79

Laterally rotates and extends the thigh at the hip

Back 79

Gluteus Maximus

Front 80

Flexes the leg at the knee, extends the thigh at the hip, and medially rotates the thigh

Back 80

Semitendinosus

Front 81

Flexes the leg at the knee, extends the thigh at the hip, and rotates the thigh laterally if flexed

Back 81

Biceps Femoris

Front 82

Serves as the insertion point for the superficial muscles of the calf

Back 82

Calcaneal Tendon

Front 83

Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle and flexes the leg at the knee, (when not bearing weight)

Back 83

Gastrocnemius

Front 84

Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle, it is located beneath the gastrocnemius

Back 84

Soleus

Front 85

Dorsally flexes the foot at the ankle and inverts and adducts the foot

Back 85

Tibialis Anterior

Front 86

Everts and abducts the foot. It also weakly provides plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle and everts the foot at the intertarsal joints

Back 86

Peroneus Longus

Front 87

Flexes the leg at the knee, extends the thigh at the hip, and medially rotates the tibia

Back 87

Semimembranosus

Front 88

Connects the tibial tuberosity to the quadriceps tendon

Back 88

Patellar ligament