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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the REO2?
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Respiratory Equivalent for O2
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What is the normal resting REO2 and that at moderate exercise?
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20:1
-For every 1 L/min increase in oxygen consumption, total ventilation has to increase by 20L/min |
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What happens to the REO2 at severe exercise levels?
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It increases to more like 25:1
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Why does the REO2 increase at severe exercise levels?
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Due to an increase in lactate buffering which gives a CO2 byproduct. That requires increased ventilation to blow off the CO2
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Why doesn't O2 consumption continue to increase as the ventilation increases?
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Because O2 consumption is limited by the heart rate and cardiac output - it is already at O2 Vmax
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So what is the normal resting
-Ve (total) -VO2 (oxygen consumption) -VEo2 |
Ve = 6 L/min
VO2 = .25L/min VEo2 = 24 (unitless) |
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What is the normal resting
-Ve (total) -VCO2 (CO2 production) -VECo2 |
Ve = 6 L/min
VCO2 = 0.2 L/min VECO2 = 30 |
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Why is the normal O2 consumption higher than CO2 production?
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Because on our diet the normal respiratory quotient is 0.8
(0.8 = 0.2/0.25) |
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So what is the strenuous Exercising
-Ve (total) -VO2 (oxygen consumption) -VEo2 |
-Ve = 100
-VO2 = 4 -VEo2 = 25 |
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How much does VCO2 increase during exercise? So what is the VECo2 during strenuous exercise?
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VCO2 = 3.47
29 |
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In general how do the VEO2 and VECO2 compare at rest?
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The VECO2 is higher than VEo2
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Normal value for VEo2
Normal value for VECO2 |
VEO2 = 26 +/- 4
VECO2 = 29 +/- 4 |
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What happens to the difference in VEO2 and VECO2
-At the anaerobic threshold -Beyone the AT |
AT it they are equal
BEYOND it the VECO2 is LOWER than the VEO2 |
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What is the MET?
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Metabolic equivalent
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What is the MET used for?
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Estimating the metabolic cost of physical activity
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What does 1 MET refer to?
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3.5 ml of O2 uptake/min/kg
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When would you be using 1 MET?
4 METS 6 METS? 8 METS? 12-18 METS? |
At rest
Housework/bowling Farming/tennis heavy manual labor/skiing hocky/rowing/swimming |
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How is METS calculated?
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VO2/weight (kg)
------------- 3.5 ml/min/kg |
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So for a person with an oxygen ventilation of 4 L/min and a weight of 80 kG what is their METS?
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14.3 (unitless)
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How is oxygen pulse calculated?
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VO2/HR
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For a person with a VO2 of 4 L/min and a heart rate of 165 what is their O2 pulse?
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24 ml O2/beat
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What is the normal o2 pulse
-male -female |
Male = 12 ml O2/beat
Female = 10 ml O2/beat |
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What are 3 subjective ways to evaluate whether an exercise stress test was maximal or submaximal?
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-Chest pain
-Fatigue -Shortness of breath |
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What are 4 objective ways to determine if the test was maximal?
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-Heart rate
-RQ (greater than 1) -Lactate levels -Bicarb levels |
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How much will lactate and bicarb change if the test was maximal?
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4 mEq/L above normal Lactate
4 mEq/L below normal Bicarb |
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How are the "normals" for lactate and bicarb determined?
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Whatever it was before exercise
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When will the AT be reached in
-A normal sedentary person -A trained athlete |
Sedentary - at 4-6X resting O2 consumption
Trained athlete - at 10-12X resting O2 consumption |
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Does the exercise stress test done in a pulmonary lab normally reach maximum?
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No - its generally submaximal
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What is the purpose of an exercise stress test investigating a limitation??
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To determine if its due to
-Pulmonary problems -Cardiac problems -Deconditioning -Poor effort |
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What would be a pulmonary limitation?
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-Restrictive/obstructive impairments
-Gas exchange defects -Neuromuscular disease -Thoracic cage deformity |
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What would be a cardiovascular limitation?
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-CAD
-Anemia -HTN -Arrythmia |
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What is the Breathing reserve?
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The maximum predicted min ventilation - actual Ve reached
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What is the A-a O2 gradient?
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The Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient
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What are 3 ways to evaluate a Ventilatory limitation?
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Ve only 70-80% max
Breathing freq <55-60 Breathing reserve of 20-30% |
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What are 3 ways to determine a Cardiovascular limitation?
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-ECG
-Blood pressure response -O2 pulse should be >10 ml O2/beat |
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What are 3 ways to determine a gas exchange limitation?
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-SaO2 (decrease should be <4%)
-Pa O2 <10 mm Hg drop -A-gradient <35 mm Hg O2 |
