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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hydrogen ions diffuse thru the cell and effect what?
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Enzymatic reactions
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Ph of ECF is
and is the same as |
7.0
venous |
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ph of body rarely falls below or above?
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7.0-7.8
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Who developed the Ph scale
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Sorensen
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ph scale expresses the concentration of what ions
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Hydrogen H+
Hydroxyl OH- |
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strong acids such as ? dissaciate almost entirely to release?
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Hydrochloric Acid (HCI)
a maximum of free hydrogen ions |
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Weak acids such as ? dissociae how much? and therefore release ?
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Carbonic acid
fewer OH-ions |
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strng bases produce maximum numbers of ?ions while weak bases produce fewer? ions
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free hydrogen (H+) OH-
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PH stands for
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potential hydrogen scale
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Defination of PH
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concentrations of hydrtogen ions sexpressed as grams per liter
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at what ph will the concentrationof H+ and OH- be equal
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7
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what do enzymes react to?
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ph and temp
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When arterial blood becomes less then what Ph does acidosis occur?
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7.40
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What is severe acidosis where coma and death occur?
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7.0
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What is severe alkalosis?
Cause? |
7.8 pH
convulsion and death |
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WHAT IS PRODUCED FROM CO2
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CARBONIC ACID
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What forms a major source of H+ for body fluids.
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Carbonic acid
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HCO3-
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Bicarb ion
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CO2+____ ---- _____ + ______
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H2O + HCO-
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What 3 mechanisms regulate the removal of excess hydrogen ions?
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Kidneys, respiratory system, and bufferinn
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Which system is most effective at removing excess hydrogen ions
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kidneys
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The fastest at removing excess hydrogen ions
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buffering bicarb system
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How long does it take to regulate with the fastest system>
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fractions of a second
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What system is the slowest at removing excess hydrogen ions?
How long? |
kidneys
24 hrs |
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What is the system that works in 103 minutes?
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respiratory
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What makes up all buffering systems?
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a weak acid (carbonic acid) and a conjugate base (sodium bicarb)
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What is an anion
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negatively charged ions
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What is a cation?
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a positively charged ion
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What is the most important buffering system in the blood
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Bicarbonate
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What other buffers are in the blood
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protiens and inorganic phosphates
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What compounds found in red blood celss act as buffers
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Bicarb
phosphates hemoglobin |
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The dissociation of H2CO3 and NaHCO3 both produce the same anion
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HCO3-
Bicarbonate acid |
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When H+ is added to the blood they combince with bicarbate to form ______thus oreventing the pH from falling precipitously
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H2CO3 Carbonic acid
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When a strong base such as NaOH (sodium hydroxide) is added to blood, it reacts with _____ to form ___ and ____
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carbonic acid
sodium bicarb and water |
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Who discoved the middle ear can be filled with air if one expires forcibly
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Antonio Valsalva
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What increases to effect both what?
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intrathoracic pressure
pulse and blood pressure |
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What can the valsalva maneuver diagnose
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autonic insufficiency and hyperthyroidism
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With what condition should people avoid the valsalva maneuver
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heart disease
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In the diving reflex, what cardio and respiratory adjustments are made
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change in heart rate
shunting of blood form less essential tissues cessation of breathing |
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What 2 conditions favor the survival of humans who are under water
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cold and age
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Where is the center for the control of breathing
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madulla oblongata
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What chemical stimuli regulate the muscles of respiration
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CO2
H+ O2 |
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The most important chemical th act on the respiratory center is ___
The least___ |
H+ Hydrogen
O2 oxygen |
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Carbon dioxide facilites the hydrogen ion concentration fby forming ___ in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid
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carbonic acid
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Deep forced breathing hyperventilation will cause the pH of blood and tissue fluid to become more
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alkaline
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Alkaline change is caused by a reducted_______ as ____ is blown off
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hydrogen ion
CO2 |
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symptoms of hyperventilation are
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drop in BP
discomfort dizziness unconsciousness |
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hyperventilation is caused by
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washing out of CO2
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