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146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are megaphyllous leaves?
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Leaves with leaf gaps and branching veins.
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What is homosporous?
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Having only one kind of spore.
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What is the lower side of leaves in ferns called?
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Abaxial
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Leaflets of a frond are called?
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Pinnae
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Young fronds that develop into a coiled pattern are termed?
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Circinate vernation
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Heterosporous? What does it mean?
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Having 2 kinds of spores. Microspores and megaspores.
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Cyrotomium has which type of indusium?
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Umbrella-like
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What is a synangium?
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3 fused sporangia
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Equisetum spores are dispersed by?
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Hygroscopic elaters
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Four divisions of gymnosperms (seed plants)?
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Coniferophyta
Cycadophyta Ginkgophyta Gnetophyta |
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Life cycle of a pine extends over a period of how many years?
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2
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Is a cycad a fern? Does it produce cones?
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No. It is not a fern. Yes, both male and female produce cones.
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Cycads produce which kind of leaves?
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Pinnately compound - palm like or fern like.
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Are cycads dioecious?
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Yes
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Zamia pumila and cycas revoluta (sago palm) belong to which division?
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Cycadophyta
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Name 3 Genus of Division/Phylum Gnetophyta
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Gnetum
Welwitschia Ephedra |
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All parts attached below the ovary is called?
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Superior or Hypogynous
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All parts attached above the ovary is called?
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Inferior or Epigynous
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Flower parts attached to a floral cup or Hypanthium?
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Perigynous
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All the petals of a flower?
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Corolla
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All petals and sepals
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Perianth
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All stamens
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Androecium
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All female parts
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Gynoecium
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Fused carpels
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Pistil
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The flowering branch of a flower is called?
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Inflorescence
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Having both stamens and carpels
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Perfect flower
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Produce only stamens or only carpels
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Imperfect flower
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Have all four flower parts? (stamens-carpels-petals-sepals)
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Complete flowers
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Lack one or more parts?
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Incomplete flower
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All sexual parts on the same plant?
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Monoeicous
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Actinomorphic?
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Divisible into equal halves by two or more planes.
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Zygomorphic
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Divisible into equal halves in one plane only.
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Fruit made up from parts of many flowers crowded on the same inflorescence. Examples?
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Multiple fruit. Examples: mulberry and pineapple
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Fruit derived from more than on e pistil? Examples.
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Aggregate fruit. Example: Raspberry and strawberry.
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Fruit derived from single pistil?
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Simple fruit.
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An example of a pome?
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Apple or pear.
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An example of a drupe?
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Cherry-peach-plum-coconut
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An example of a berry?
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Banana-tomato-grape
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An example of a hesperidium?
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Orange-lemon-grapefruit
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Remaining closed at maturity, as are many fruits is called?
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Indehiscent
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The opening of an anther fruit or other structure, which permits the escape of reproductive bodies contained within.
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Dehiscence
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Massive cotyledon found in the wheat grain is called?
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Scutellum
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Four major functions of root systems in plants?
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Anchorage
Absorption Conduction Storage |
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Monocots typically have which type of root system?
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Fibrous root system with lateral roots
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Eudicots typically have which type of root system?
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Tap root system
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Active cell division takes place where on a root?
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Just behind the tip at the apical meristem
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Purpose of root hairs?
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Increase absorption surface area.
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A root tip can be divided into 3 regions. They are starting from the top down to the tip?
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Region of maturation
Region of elongation Region of cell division |
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Lateral rots originate from internal tissue of the root. They are said to be ?
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Endogenous
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Where to endogenous roots originate from?
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Pericycle
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What type of root does a carrot have?
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Tap root
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What type of root does a yam or sweet potato have?
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Fascicled storage root
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What type of root does a beet have?
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Storage tap root
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What type of root does a corn plant have?
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Prop root
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The sheath enclosing the radicle in the grass embryo?
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Coleorhiza
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The sheath enclosing the apical meristem and leaf primordia of the grass embryo. Often interpreted as the first leaf?
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Coleoptile
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Horizontal underground stems?
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Rhizomes
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Horizontal above ground stems?
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Stolons
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Fleshy, underground food storage stems which have rudimentary leaves and buds?
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Tubers
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Thickened underground stems, erect in orientation, in which food is accumulated?
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Corms
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Stems modified to serve leaf-like functions?
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Cladophyll
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Stems modified for climbing?
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Tendrils
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Stems specialized to serve for water storage and photosynthesis?
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Succulent stems
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Stems modified for protection?
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Thorns
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Located in the upper epidermis, this cell is capable of partial collapse, causing curling in plants like corn?
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Bulliform cells
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Large bundle sheath cells that are found in many grasses with C4 photosysnthesis are referred to having?
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Kranz anatomy
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Where are the stomata located on grass leaves?
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Underside
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What is the protective layer called after the leaf drops?
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Leaf scar
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External influences in plant growth and developement?
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Light
Temperature Day length Seasonal changes |
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Internal plant growth regulators?
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Auxin
Cytokinins Ethylene Abscisic acid Giberellins |
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Strands and strips of celery that are responsible for the characteristic "crunch" when eating celery are actually?
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Collenchyma tissue
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When performing a cross-section and viewing of celery, what were we looking at?
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Petiole
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Name 4 minerals that are required for carniverous plants in acidic soil?
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Nitrogen
Phosphorus Potassium Calcium |
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Two cambial layers that are produced in woody plants are?
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Vascular cambium and cork cambium
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Vascular cambium produces?
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Secondary xylem and secondary phloem.
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Cork cambium produces?
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Cork and phelloderm layers.
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The parts of a woody root ourside of the vascular cambium consisting of phloem and cork is collectively called?
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Bark
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The parts of a woody root inside the vascular cambium consisting of xylem tissues are called?
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Wood
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Pores that allow gas exchange for young woody growth are called?
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Lenticels
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Lenticels develop where?
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Periderm layer
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Outgrowths of dermal tissue that form on woody stems are called?
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Prickles
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The T shaped figure we studied in the final lab is called?
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Standard error bar
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Flower parts in eudicots come in how many parts?
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4's and 5's
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Flower parts in monocots come in how many parts?
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3's
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Leaf venation in eudicots?
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Net like
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Leaf venation in monocots?
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Parallel
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Primary vascular bundles in stem of eudicot?
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In a ring - eustele
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Primary vascular bundles in stem of monocot?
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Scattered - atactostele
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Secondary growth from vascular cambium in eudicots?
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Commonly present
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Secondary growth from vascular cambium in monocots?
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Absent
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# of cotyledons in eudicots?
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2
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# of cotyledons in monocots?
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1
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what is the ploidy of a fern gametophyte?
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haploid
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what is the dominant generation (sporophyte or gametophyte) of a fern?
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sporophyte (fiddlehead to adult fern)
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what is the fern sporophyte called?
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prothallus
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what is the shape of the prothallus? Where are the archegonia relative to the anteridia?
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heart-shaped. archegonia are on top.
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what is the spore dispersal mechanism on a polypodium?
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annulus, which dries out and breaks the spore open.
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do fern sperm require a moist environment? If so why?
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Yes. Need water in order to use flagella for motility.
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In the order Psilatales, what is the common name for the genus Psilotum? What division?
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Whisk fern. Division Pteridophyta
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What is unique about the branching leaf structures of Psilotum?
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What appears to be branches are actually modified, photosynthetic, leaves, which branch in a dichotomous pattern.
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What are the scale-like appendages on the Psilotum plant?
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enations
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what are the 3-lobed sporangia on a psilotum planted called?
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synangia
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what is the only extant genus of the order equisetales (in the division Pteridophyta)?
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Equisetum (horsetails and scouring rushes)
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Is Equisetum homosporous or heterosporous?
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Homosporous
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What houses the sporangiophores on Equisetum? Where is it on the plant?
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Strobilus, found at the terminal end
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What kind of leaves does an Equisetum have?
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non-photosynthetic microphyllous leaves which encircle the stem at the node points.
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What is the unusual adaptation found in the equisetum sporangia?
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hygroscopic elaters
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Do pines have flagellated sperm?
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No
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what is the dominant generation of a coniferophyta?
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Sporophyte
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what are the cells that make up a coniferphyta pollen grain?
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2 prothallial cells, 1 generative cell, 1 tube cell
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Where would you find pollen grains on a coniferophyta?
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in the microsporangia
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what is the shape of a coniferophyta pollen grain?
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mickey mouse ears
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where are the female or ovulate cones relative to the male or staminate cones on a coniferophyta?
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Female or ovulate cones are on the top of the tree
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each ovuliferous scale on a coniferophyta usually bears how many ovules (which turn into seeds)?
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2
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where does a coniferophyta female gametophyte develop?
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inside the ovule
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Larix?
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Larch. Division Coniferophyta
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Pinus?
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Pine. Division Coniferophyta
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Thuja?
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Arbor vitae. Division Coniferophyta
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Juniperus?
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Juniper. Division Coniferophyta
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Metasequoia?
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Dawn redwood. Division Coniferophyta
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Taxodium?
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Bald cypress. Division Coniferophyta
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Picea?
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Spruce. Division Coniferophyta
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Tsuga?
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Hemlock. Division Coniferophyta
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Abies?
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Fir. Division Coniferophyta
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Pseudotsuga?
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Douglas Fir. Division Coniferophyta
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Are the the gnetophytes monoecious or dioecious?
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Dioecious
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what are the two layers of the cell wall called in the mature pollen grain of the angiosperm?
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exine (outer) and intine (inner)
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how many cells are there in the pollen grain of an angiosperm at the time of shedding and what are they?
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2 tube cells and 1 generative cell
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what generation does the angiosperm pollen grain represent?
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gametophyte
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what structure is the ovary attached to on an angiosperm flower?
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receptacle. Beneath the receptacle is the pedicel
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Pepo? examples?
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modified berry: cucumber, squash, watermelon. division anthophyta
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Legume? examples?
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fruit splitting along two sutures: bean, pea, honey locust. division anthophyta
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Follicle? examples?
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dehiscent fruit splitting along only one suture: milkweed, larkspur. division anthophyta
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silique? examples?
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dehiscent fruit with two chambers, the two valves splitting away from a persistent central partition: sheperd's purse, mustard. division anthophyta
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capsule? examples?
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dehiscent fruit with one to many chambers, but if two, then lacking a persistent central portion. division anthophyta
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Winged schizocarp? examples?
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indehiscent, winged fruit splitting at maturity into two or three one-seeded segments: maple. division anthophyta
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Samara? examples?
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fruit not splitting, indehiscent: elm, ash. division anthophyta
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Schizocarp? examples?
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Indehiscent not-winged two-carpellate fruit, separating at maturity: dill carrot
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Nut
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indehiscent fruit, large with at least partially stony pericarp; seed at maturity separate from ovary wall: hazel nut, hickory, walnut, acorn. division anthophyta
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Achene? examples
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Indehiscent with pericarp and seed united at only one point: smartweed, sunflower. division anthophyta
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define radicle
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embryonic root
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what are the coleoptile and coleorhiza?
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sheathlike protective structures (coleoptile is on top of the plumule; coleorhiza is covers the radicle and root cap
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what is the hypocotyl?
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the portion of the embryo or seedling situation between the cotyledons and the radicle
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what is the casparian strip?
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layer of suberin in endodermis that controls the flow of water.
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what is the direction of maturation in the root?
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inward (outside matures first)
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what is the direction of maturation in the stem?
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outward (inside matures first)
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