Lab 3: Cell Division

Front 1

Binary Fission

Back 1

Single cell splits into two ‘daughter’ cells

Front 2

Myotic Cell division

Back 2

Process performed by eukaryotic cells producing ‘daughter’ cells that are nearly identical to their parent cells

Front 3

Cell cycle

Back 3

Eukaryotic cells that are actively dividing (miotically active)

Front 4

Interphase G1

Back 4

Cell grows larger and builds proteins

Front 5

Interphase S

Back 5

Synthesis of DNA, cell continues growing

Front 6

Interphase G2

Back 6

Cell continues to grow and makes final preparations for mitosis

Front 7

Mitosis

Back 7

Division of the nucleus. //--> for the stages think Pee-Pee M A T

Front 8

Cytokinesis

Back 8

Division of the whole cell

Front 9

Chromosomes

Back 9

Double stranded DNA molecules with associated proteins

Front 10

Chromatid

Back 10

Each side of a chromosome in X formation

Front 11

Centromere

Back 11

Point of attachment between two chromatid

Front 12

Prophase (plant)

Back 12

Chromosomes condense and become visible, nucleolus disappears, spindle starts to form

Front 13

Prometaphase (plant)

Back 13

Nuclear envelope breaks up, spindle attaches to centromeres and begin to pull on chromosomes, centromeres begin to pull on chromosomes, and centrosomes begin to move to either side of the cell.

Front 14

Metaphase (plant)

Back 14

Spindle pulling on the centromeres causes the chromosomes to line up along the middle (metaphase plate)

Front 15

Anaphase (plant)

Back 15

Chromatids break free of each other and are pulled to either end of the spindle (each freed chromatid is now called a chromosome)

Front 16

Telophase (plant)

Back 16

Spindle begins to disappear, chromosomes begin to disperse, nucleoli begin to form, nuclear envelopes begin to assemble, and a new cell wall (cell Plate) begins to form.

Front 17

Prophase (animal)

Back 17

Cell rounds up as cytoskeleton breaks down, chromosomes condense and become visible, nucleolus disappears, and spindle starts to form.

Front 18

Prometaphase (animal)

Back 18

Nuclear envelope breaks up, spindle attaches to centromeres and begin to pull on chromosomes, centrosomes (with centrioles) begin to move to either end of the cell

Front 19

Metaphase (animal)

Back 19

Spindle pulling on the centromeres cause the chromosomes to line up along the middle (metaphase plate)

Front 20

Anaphase (animal)

Back 20

Chromatids break free of each other and are pulled to either end of the spindle (each free chromatid is now considered a chromosome) entire cell elongates

Front 21

Telophase (animal)

Back 21

Spindle begins to disappear, chromosomes begin to disperse, nucleoli begin to form, nuclear envelopes begin to assemble, the cell begins to pinch in (cleavage furrow)

Front 22

Gametes

Back 22

During sexual reproduction; two cells that fuse with one another to form a new cell

Front 23

Meiosis

Back 23

Specialized cell division that produces haploid cells

Front 24

Gonads

Back 24

Area in animals where meiosis occurs (ovaries and testes)

Front 25

Homologous pairs

Back 25

When chromosomes condense next to their homologue

Front 26

Gametogenesis

Back 26

When the cells produced by meiosis mature themselves into gametes

Front 27

Spermatogenesis

Back 27

Male gametes that are produced in the testes. Primary spermatocyte begins meiosis I, resulting in two secondary spermatocytes. Meiosis II then results in four spermatids, which will mature into spermatozoa

Front 28

Oogenesis

Back 28

Female gametes that are produced in the testes Primary oocyte begins meiosis I but unequal cytokinesis producing one secondary oocyte, and a one polar body (discarded). The secondary oocyte goes through meiosis II and again cytokinesis I unequal and produces another polar body and an ootid, which matures into an ovum (egg).

Front 29

Zygote

Back 29

Ovum fertilized by a spermatozoan.

Front 30

Seminiferous tubules (mammals)

Back 30

Area where spermatogenesis occurs in testes

Front 31

Spermatogonia (mammals)

Back 31

Cells which give rise to more spermatogonia, in the seminiferous tubules in males, some may become primary spermatocytes

Front 32

Sertoli (nurse) cells (mammals)

Back 32

Responsible for nourishing the spermatids until they mature into spermatozoa

Front 33

Follicles (mammals)

Back 33

Area which contains the oocyte inside the ovary

Front 34

Primary follicle (mammals)

Back 34

Contains one tiny primary oocyte which it will protect and nourish

Front 35

Ovulation (mammals)

Back 35

Follicle ruptures to release the secondary oocyte

Front 36

Corpus Luteum

Back 36

What the follicle changes into after ovulation

Front 37

Oviduct (fallopian tube)

Back 37

Carries the secondary oocyte to the uterus