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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of UA?
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shows metabolic and patholgic conditions
helps seeing disases Heredity diseases progression complications |
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What are the components of UA?
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physical
chemical microscopic |
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What is the purpose of urine preseration?
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it will change
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How long is UA good in the refrigerator?
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8 hours
at 4 to 6 centigrate |
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What are methods of UA collection?
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First morning Void
Random spcimen "spot specimen" 2 hour post prandial catherization superpubic aspiration 24 hour collection |
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What is signifcate about nitrate in urine?
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suggests bacteria in systerm
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What is signifcant about protein in urine?
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causes kidney damage (casts)
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Which urine test is the best for elevated unobilinogen?
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2 hour post prandial
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What sample of urine is the purest?
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suprapublic aspiration
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What is the perfered volume of urine?
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10 to 15 ml
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What can influence volume of urine?
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food, fluid intake, temperature, exercise, diuretics, UTI, diarreha
normal volume is 800-2000 ml per 24 hours |
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what is polyuria?
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abnormal increase in urine volume (diabetes, inspidious, melletus)
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what is oliguria?
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reduction of total volume of urine (febrile states, vomitting, shock, diarrhea, renal disease)
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what is anuria?
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cannot pee
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What does specific gravity show?
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consintration of urine
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What are the normal ranges of SG?
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1.003 to 1.035
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What are the differneces between Staff and Strep?
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Staff : CLUSTER
Strep: CHAIN |
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What is common about Stap and Strep?
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both are gram positive cocci
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What is the signs of nicerria ghonorrea?
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gram neg
diplo cocci |
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What are the common pathogens for UPPTER RESP TRACT?
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Strep pneumoniarre
Beta Hemolytic (strep throat) bodetella pertusis (whooping cough) |
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What are the common pathogens for the acute middle ear infection?
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strep pneumonia
H. FLU |
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What UA lab is the least valid?
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Random
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What is the most invasive UA lab?
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superpubic aspiration
use aspectic tech |
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What is the SG significance of a "light" sample?
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deluted sample. low SG
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what is Red urine possibly?
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hematuria
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What is orange urine possibly from?
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Pyridium
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If you have urine that is pale white or yellow or reported as clear, hazy, cloudy or opaque...what is it possibly???
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Glucose values as high as 4+
will usually retain clear appearance |
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What are the 5 things that would make you look at dipstick results under a microscope?
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BLOOD
NITRATES COLOR (Cloudy) PROTIENS Leukocytes |
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What type of Urine might have E.Coli found?
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Acidic Urine
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what is hyposthenuria?
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consistently low specific gravity (1.007)
caused by diabetes insipidus , large fluid intake, diuretics; collagen disease, pyelonephritis, hypertension, protein malabsorption, polydipsia |
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What is polyuria?
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- abnormal increase of excreted urine total volume; caused by: diabetes insipidus and mellitus
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what is oliguria?
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- reduced total volume of excreted urine; caused by: febrile states, excessive vomiting and diarrhea, shock, renal disease
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What are Ketones?
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bi-product of fat metabolism (DKA: possible coma from diabetic coming)
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what are the three differnet epithial cells
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renal tubular
Transitional (prox 2/3) squamos (distal 1/3) |
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What type of crystals are in urine?
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Amorphaus
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what is the reason for fecal occult blood?
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to detect hidden blood
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What is Dark tarry stool indicative of?
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Possibly upper GI bleed
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what is possible for bright red blood found in stool?
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possible lower GI bleed
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What are some false positives?
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red or rare cooked meats
turnip horseradish cauliflower cantaloupe broccoli parsnips banana pear plum |
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What are the two types of HCG?
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Qualative (200) and Quantative (1 to 10)
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Of the 2 types of HCG tests, what is more specific?
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quantative
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When do you use HCG?
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when HCG levels rise due to pregnacy
or Tropholaphic = cancer |
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How often does HCG double?
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every other day
Example: Monday 500 Wed 1000 Friday 1500 |
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What are the 4 steps of gram stain?
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crystal violet
iodine decolorizer safranin O |
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What does it mean to be cold loving?
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Cyrophilic
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What does it mean to be Heat Loving?
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Thermophilic
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What does it mean to be Mesophilic?
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body temp loving
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What are some pathogens for an Upper respiratory infection?
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strep pyrogenes
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What are some details in reference to N. Gohnerra?
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Gram Neg
Diplococci |
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If you found bacteria in the spnial fluid that is gram neg and is diplococci what would you call it?
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N. Memogentis
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What is the purpose of gram staining?
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to treat with a narrow spectrim
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What are some pathogens of the lower GI
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Shigella
Samonella E Colli 0157 Vibrio, Yersinia, Clostridium difficile |
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What are some pathogens of the Upper Resp Tract
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Strep pneumoniae,
Beta hemolytic Group A Strep, Staph aureus, |
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What are some pathogens of the Male Genital Tract?
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Neisseria gonorrheae meningitides,
Hemophylus ducreyi, |
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What are some pathogens of the FEMALE genital tract?
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Neisseria gonorrheae meningitides,
Hemophylus ducreyi, Gardnerella vaginitis, b) non-bacteria - Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Herpes simplex |
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How many types of malaria are there?
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4 types
vivax (most common) falciparum (most dangerous) ovala (least common) plasmoderium malariae |
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What are some treatments of malaria?
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Cipro, Doxy, primaquin
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When do you get fever spikes when you are infected with malaria?
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whent the paracites are released from the liver into the blood stream and they "pop" the RBCs
you have 8-12 hours to collect blood in order to identifiy |
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what is the first step in treatment?
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education/prevention
DEET, netting etc |
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What organizim is the host in the sexual phase?
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mostiquo (Sporogony)
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what organizim is the host in the asexual phase?
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MAN (intermediate host)
Schizogony |
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What is Mycology?
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study Fungi
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What is the most common Fungi?
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Candida albicans
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Bacteria produces spores for?
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Survival
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Fungi produce spores for?
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reproduction
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what is the normal range of urine output in 24 hours?
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800-2000 mL
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What is PMN?
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referes to a neurophil
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What is significant about yeast under a microscope?
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branchlike
wattermellon seed non-nucleaded GRAM POS |
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parasitology is the study of
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parasites
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What is a clue cell?
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found in Wet preps
epilithial cells (Garden...bacteria) |
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what are the two things you look for in a wet prep?
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clue cells and trichomones (normal saliene)
Candida (KOH) |
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What mosquito carries malaria?
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Anopheles FEMALE
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T/F Malaria can cross the placenta.
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TRUE... malaria can cross the placenta
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Which form of malaria is the most common?
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Vivax
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What is another name for Mold?
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hyphae
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What is tina pedis?
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athletes foot
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What mosquito carries malaria?
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Anopheles FEMALE
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T/F Malaria can cross the placenta.
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TRUE... malaria can cross the placenta
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Which form of malaria is the most common?
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Vivax
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What is another name for Mold?
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hyphae
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What is tina pedis?
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athletes foot
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What is tinea unguim?
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Nail infection
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What is tinea capitis?
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scalp
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what is tinea cursis
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jock itich
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what is tinea corporis?
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skin
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What is Tinea Barbae?
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bearded area
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What is subcutaneous mycoses?
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below skin - sometimes in the bone
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what is systemic or deep mycoses
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found in internal organs,
may spread through host |
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How much KOH is used for detecting fungus?
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10% KOH
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what is the purpose of UA?
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shows metabolic pahtogin
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What are the six ways of collecting urine?
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first morning void
random specimen 2 hour post prandial catheterization superpubic 24 hour collection |
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What is hypostenuria?
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consistanly low SG
diabetes inspipidous large fluid intake polydpea nocturia |
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what is hypersthenuria?
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high SG (greater 1.035)
diabetes mellitus dehydration high molecular weight solutes |
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What is Glucosuria?
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sweet urine
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what is the normal pH range of urnie?
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4.6 to 7.0
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What are the acidic urine pathogens?
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E. Coli
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what is the significance of Bilirubon in urine?
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could be a sign of liver damage
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what is Hyaline?
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least significant urinary cast
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What does HCG stand for?
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Human chorionic gonadotropin
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what are the two sub units of HCG?
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alpha
beta (more accurate) |
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What is autotrophic?
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makes own food
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what is heterotrophic?
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not self sustaining
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