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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

what is balance?

the ability to control the center of gravity over the base of support in a given sensory environment

what is B.O.S an what does it stand for

Base of support



the area within the perimeter of the contact surface between feet

what is a wide B.O.S, narrow B.O.S

- greater stability,


- less stability

what is C.O.G and what does it stand for

center of gravity



the central point within the limits of stability area

define centralied C.O.G, and abnormal C.O.G

- centralized C.O.G= greater sway boundaries


- abnormal C.O.G= unstable within sway boundaries

define L.O.S

- Limits of stability


- the greatest distance in any direction a person can lean away from midline without changing the original base of support

to maintain balance, the __.__.__ must be kept within the limits of ____

- C.O.G, stability

postural strategies are used to restore balance if _______occurs outside the limits of ___________.

sway, stability

what are postural strategies used for?

standing balance

defince ankle strategy

ankle flexor/extensor muscles are activated to counter anterior and posterior sway

define hip strategy

hip flexion and extension used to redistribute C.O.G within the B.O.S

define stepping stragey

taking a step to widen the B.O.S and create a new sway boundry

define protective reactions

includes the above strategies for standing blance and use of uper extremities for sitting balance


define equilibrium reactions

includes head/trunk postural movements in sitting and standing

give an example of a postural impairment (biomechanical deficit))\

kyphosis

Is muscular weakness and inadequate range of motion an example of a musculoskeletal dificit?

yes

define sensory deficits

any one area, combination of areas impacts balance

what is impaired proprioception

joint or skin recptors, muscles---- peoblems with assessing limb in position in space

what is an impaired visual processing of physical surroundings

problems with orienting visual input in relation to surrounding objects

what is effected in an impaired vestibular system

problems with posrtural control, eye-head coordination



vestibular system is defined as the internal gravitational reference that determines the orientation of the head in space)

what other factors could effect blance

fear, drug side effects, shoe type, pain, environmental factors (poor lighting) , cognitive impairments (poor attention)

list the purpose and goals of blance exercises and activities

a. posturalcontrol and alignment


b. improve use of blance stratigies


c. address sensory impairment


d. habituation


e. teach substitution stratigies


f. improve quality of gait


g. returningg to funt\ctional exercises

lise 3 types of stances

1. bilateral


- two legs planted (includes narrow, wide, lunge, tandem)



2. Tandem


- specifically one foot planted directly in front of the other planted foot, heel near or against the toe



3. Single limb


- one leg planted on surface only

list 3 types of surfaces

1. complaint surface


- generally a softer surface, that "gives" or complies to the feet



2. noncomplaint surface


- a firm, hard surface that does not "give" or comply to the feet



3. unstable surface


- could either be a soft or hard surface but is unstable ( ex BAPS board)


list some types of perturbations ( disturrbances to one's balance)

1. degree of force


- small/ light


- moderate/ medium


- large/ heavy



2. speed applied


- slow


- moderate/medium


- rapid



3. clients awareness of its application


- expected/predictable


- unexpected/unpredictable

what are the 7 guidelines of sitting progression

1. graduallyremove upper extremity support [both hands on- one hand free---two hands free



2. make the seating surface less stale - BAPS board, therapy ball



3. modify lower extremity support -- sitting cross legged, one leg up



4. modift trunk support -- not using chair back to lean up




5. Add upper extremity activities - reaching, throwing



6. Add manual resistance



7. add visual chalanges, head movements



define the 11 steps of progresion of standing

1. Decrease the level of external device use: parallel bars-- walker-- quad cane-- cane-- no device



2. Move to bilateral stance to single limb stance



3. Add upper extremity or functional activities



4. Make the standing surface less stable



6. Add vertical changes to the standing surface- steps, ect



6. Increase the distance moved away from midline



7. Change the speed of movement



8. Add manual resistance



9. Change the base of support- wide-- narrow



10. Add add movements of the head and/or eyes



11. Challange the visual system: close eyes, ect..


What are the 8 guidelines of walking

1. decrease the level of external device use- parallel bars--walker--quad cane--cane--no device



2. Make the walking surface less stable, change the angles of surfaces



3. Add obsticals, distractions, objects to carry or manipulate



4. Increase the speed of walking



5. Add manual resistance



6. Add sudden directional changes



7. Add movements of the head and/or eyes



8. Challange the visual system: dimly lit hallway

what are some other positions to consider


long sitting



kneeling



half-kneeling



quadraped

what is the definition of coordination

tha ability to effortlessly perform smooth and controlled movements (optimal interaction of muscle function)

define aginlty

the combination of coordination and speed that allows the ability to perfom activities that require a rapid change in movement or rdirection



{ coordination nd agility are tied closely to blance}

The cerebellum is the ________ center in the brain for ______________of movement

primary, coordination

what are the 2 causes of coordination impairments

1. Neurological: brain injuries, movement disorders, spinal/peripheral nerve injuries



2. Other- alcohol/ drug intoxication, poisioning, infectious diseases

What are the 3 types of coordination

1. fine motor


a. require coordination movement of small muscles (hands, feet)


b. EX: writing, drawing, buttoning a shirt, blowing bubbles



2. Gross motor skills


a. require coordinated movement of large muscles or groups of muscles (the trunk and extremities)


b. EX: include walking, running, lifting a grocery bag



3. Hand eye skills


a. the ability of the visual system to coordinate visual information recieved and then control or direct the hands in the accomplishement of a task


b. EX- includes catching a ball, sweing, computer mouse use.


what are the 5 guidelines of progression

1. increase speed of activity


2. Increase number of obstacles to negoticate


3. Alter the size of the objects being manipulated


4. Change teh activity surface


5. INcrease the number of tasks in an activity