Lab 2

Front 1

Cell Theory

Back 1

1. Cells are the building blocks of all plants and animals.

2. All cells come from preexisting cells.

3. Cells are the smallest units that perform vital physiological functions.

4. Each cell maintains homeostasis at the cellular level.

Front 2

Sex Cells

Back 2

1. Reproductive cells

2. Male sperm

3. Female oocyte (a cell that develops into an egg)

Front 3

Somatic Cells

Back 3

All body cells except sex cells

Front 4

Centriole

Back 4

>The cytoplasm contains two centrioles at right angles.

>They are composed of 9 microtubule triplets.

>for the movement of chromosomes during cell division

Front 5

Centrosome

Back 5

This encapsulates the centrioles

Front 6

Cytoskeleton

Back 6

• Proteins organized in fine filaments or slender tubules.

• For the strength and support; movement of cellular structure and materials

Front 7

Plasma Membrane

Back 7

• Is a lipid bilayer containing phospholipids, steroids, proteins and carbohydrates.

• For the isolation, protection, sensitivity, support; controls entry/exit of materials

Front 8

Microvilli

Back 8

• Are extensions of the plasma membrane containing microfilaments.

• To increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials.

Front 9

Cilia

Back 9

•Long extensions of the plasma membrane containing microtubules.

• Primary Cilium acts as a sensor

• Motile Cilia move materials over cell surfaces

Front 10

Proteasomes

Back 10

•Hollow cylinders of proteolytic enzymes with regulatory proteins at their ends.

•For the breakdown and recycling of damaged abnormal intercellular proteins

Front 11

Ribosomes

Back 11

•RNA and proteins

•Fixed ribosomes bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum

•Free ribosomes scattered in cytoplasm

•For protein synthesis

Front 12

Golgi Aparatus

Back 12

•Stacks of flattened membranes (CISTERNAE) containing chambers.

•Storage; Alteration; and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes

Front 13

Mitochondria

Back 13

• Double membrane with inner membrane folds (CRISTAE) enclosing important metabolic enzymes.

•Produces 95% of the ATP required by the cell.

Front 14

Endoplasmic Recticulum

Back 14

•Network of membranous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm.

•For synthesis of secretory products; intracellular storage and transport; detoxification of drugs or toxins.

Front 15

Smooth ER

Back 15

Synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates

Front 16

Rough ER

Back 16

•Modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins

Front 17

Peroxisome

Back 17

•Vesicles containing degradative enzymes

•

Front 18

Peroxisome

Back 18

•Vesicles containing degradative enzymes

•For the catabolism of fats and other organic compounds; neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process

Front 19

Lysosome

Back 19

•Vesicles containing digestive enzymes

•For intracellular removal of damaged organelles or pathogens.

Front 20

Nucleus

Back 20

•Nucleoplasm containing nucleotides, enzymes, nucleoproteins and chromatin.

•Is surrounded by a double membrane, the nuclear.

•For control of metabolism; storage and processing of genetic information; control of protein synthesis

Front 21

Nucleolus

Back 21

The site of rRNA synthesis and assembly of ribosomal subunits.

Front 22

Cytoplasm

Back 22

All materials inside the cell and outside the nucleus.

Front 23

Cytosol

Back 23

•Intracellular fluid that contains dissolved materials: nutrients, ions, protein and waste products.

•High Potassium & Carbohydrate

•Low Sodium, Fat & Amino Acid

Front 24

Organelles

Back 24

•Structures with specific functions