La Sx Umbilical Conds. In Foals And Calves

Front 1

* The urachus extends from ______________ to __________________.

Back 1

umbilicus to apex of bladder

Front 2

*The urachus connects _________ to ___________ in the fetus.

Back 2

bladder to allantoic sac

Front 3

* The umbilical arteries extend from ___________ to _______________.

Back 3

umbilicus to iliac arteries

Front 4

*The umbilical ________________ carry O2 poor blood from ____________ to ____________.

Back 4

arteries; fetus to placenta

Front 5

* the umbilical ____________ carries O2 rich blood from ____________ to _______________.

Back 5

vein; placenta to ductus venosus

Front 6

* What are the three external umbilical remnants?

Back 6

1) umbilical arteries
2) umbilical vein
3) urachus

Front 7

* what do the umbilical arteries become?

Back 7

round ligaments of bladder

Front 8

*what does the umbilical vein become?

Back 8

round ligament of liver

Front 9

* what does the urachus connect?

Back 9

bladder to allantoic sac in the fetus

Front 10

what are some umbilical conditions? (4)

Back 10

1) umbilical hernia
2) umbilical infections/abscess
3) subcutaneous abscesses
4) patent urachus

Front 11

what is the definition of an umbilical hernia?

Back 11

defect in ventral body wall at the umbilicus, resulting in herniation of abdominal contents

Front 12

When does a congenital umbilical hernia usually close?

Back 12

by day 4

Front 13

at what age does a developmental umbilical hernia usually develop?

Back 13

usually develops at 5-8 weeks of age

Front 14

is there a breed predisposition for an umbilical hernia? sex predisposition?

Back 14

No and no

Front 15

what are the usual contents of a umbilical hernia?

Back 15

SI, omentum, cecum (rarely)

Front 16

T or F
Incarceration of herniated viscera is not uncommon.

Back 16

I dont' even know what this means. ******* double negatives. Whatever, the statement is TRUE!

Front 17

Are hernias usually infected in foals> In calves?

Back 17

Not in foals but usually infected in calves. Poor calves. :(

Front 18

Reducible hernia = ?
Non-reducible hernia= ?

Back 18

reducible hernia = uncomplicated
non-reducible hernia= complicated

Front 19

what does an uncomplicated hernial feel like? complicated?

Back 19

uncomplicated feels fluidy and soft
complicated feels denser, possibly hard, warm, painful

Front 20

Will you see systemic signs with an uncomplicated umbilical hernia? what about a complicated umbilical hernia?

Back 20

No systemic signs in an uncomplicated
commonly systemic signs in a complicated hernia

Front 21

what might cause systemic signs in a complicated umbilical hernia?

Back 21

incarceration of bowel (colic, shock)
umbilical infection ("poor doer", fever, signs of sepsis, infxn of other organ systems such as lung, GI tract and joints)

Front 22

How do you dx an uncomplicated umbilica hernia?

Back 22

visual inspection
palpation
U/S

Front 23

How do you dx a complicated hernia?

Back 23

FNA (ONLY if abscess is PRESENT!)
Cytology, culture and sensitivity, gram stain

Front 24

In an umbilical hernia when should you NOT do an FNA?

Back 24

If you could injure bowel

Front 25

What does treatment of an umbilical hernia depend on?

Back 25

whether the hernia is uncomplicated or complicated

Front 26

What is some medical treatment for an uncomplicated hernia if the ring is < 10 cm?

Back 26

manual reduction and irritation BID
abdominal bandage (+/- half tennis ball)
Do NOT use an umbilical clamp or elastrator band

Front 27

When do you perform sx treatment of an uncomplicated umbilical hernia?

Back 27

When the hernia ring is > 10 cm
no resolution with medical tx at 4-5 mos of age
signs of incarceration develop

Front 28

if you have signs of bowel incarceration in a complicated umbilical hernia, when is it an emergency to treat?

Back 28

when you have signs of bowel incarceration

Front 29

when is sx tx recommended in a complicated umbilical hernia?

Back 29

signs of local infxn/abscessation

Front 30

what is infxn of the umbilical cord called?
umbilical artery? umbilical vein?

Back 30

umbilical cord= omphalitis
umbilical vein=omphalophlebitis
umbilical artery=ophaloarteriitis

Front 31

What are some possible etiologies of umbilical infxn? (3)

Back 31

1) hematogenous infection pre-partum
2) hematogenous infection post-partum
3) ascending infection post-partum

Front 32

what are the most common isolates in umbilical infxns? (3)

Back 32

1) B-hemolytic strep
2) E. coli
3) proteus

Front 33

what are the cx of an umbilical hernia? (5)

Back 33

1) +/- umbilical enlargement with signs of inflammation
2) +/- low IgG levels
3) +/- systemic signs of sepsis
4) +/- secondary joint infxns
5) +/- septic osteomyelitis

Front 34

what are some systemic/ laboratory signs of sepsis with umbilical infxn?

Back 34

fever
inflammatory CBC

Front 35

T or F
U/S is THE way to diagnosis umbilical hernias.

Back 35

False

U/S is THE way to diagnose umbilical INFECTIONS.

Front 36

What size should the umbilical vein be in foals < 10 days old? in foals > 10 days old?

Back 36

< 10 days= <10 mm
>10 days= < 5 mm

Front 37

what size should the umbilical arteries be in a foal < 10 days old? > 10 days old?

Back 37

< 10 days=< 10 mm
> 10 days= < 5 mm

Front 38

what size should the urachus + umbilical arteries be in a foal < 10 days old? > 10 days old?

Back 38

< 10 days= < 24 mm
> 10 days= < 24 mm
LESS THAN 24 mm at ALL TIMES!!!! ALLLLL TIMMMEEEESSS!!!!!

Front 39

Tx for an umbilical infxn if the foal is healthy otherwise?

Back 39

abx
drain external abscess if present
Culture and sens

Front 40

when do you have to do abx AND surgical resection for an umbilical infxn?

Back 40

concurrent dz
no improvement withing 7 days
worsening of clinical condition

Front 41

Umbilical hernias in calves:
Breed prediliction
gender prediliction
hernia contents

Back 41

holstein breed
females
abomasum, omentum, SI

Front 42

in calves what are hernias frequently complicated by?

Back 42

infection (45%)

Front 43

what is the most common isolate from umbilical infxn in calves?

Back 43

arcanobacter pyonegenes

Front 44

when doing umbilical resection on a calf, where to you want to enter the abdomen and why?

Back 44

lateral to the umbilicus. it is the area you are least likely to cut into the abscess and therefore keep from spilling that pus everywhere. Yum.

Front 45

What do you have to do surgically with an umbilical infection that extends all the way to the liver in a calf?

Back 45

umbilical vein marsupilization (transect vein close to umbilicus, suture it and then relatively close to the sternum, make a little incision into body wall and make vein exit out of the body wall and then open up the vein. This is to provide drainage when the animal gets up.)

Front 46

What is your post operative tx of an umbilical infxn in calves?

Back 46

abx for 7-10 days
restrict activity for 3-6 weeks
remove/replace bandage or cover 1-3 days post-op
remove external skin sutures/staples in 2 weeks

Front 47

what are some complications when dealing with a surgical tx of an umbilical infxn in calves?

Back 47

septic arthritis
septicemia
hernia
body wall infxn
peritonitis
abdominal adhesions