La Surgery Test 2 Equine Lameness

Front 1

Which of the following are causes of painful lameness?
a) OA/OCD
b) lacerations
c) upward fixation of patella
d) flexural deformity

Back 1

a) OA/OCD
b) lacerations

Mechanical causes= c) upward fixation of patella d) flexural deformity, etc

Front 2

Describe a grade 0 lameness

Back 2

lameness not perceptible under any circumstance

Front 3

Describe a grade 1 lameness

Back 3

inconsistent lameness regardless of circumstance

Front 4

Describe a grade 2 lameness

Back 4

inconsistent on a straightline, walk or trot
consistent under certain circumstances (circle, uphill, under saddle)

Front 5

Describe a grade 3 lameness

Back 5

consistent lameness at a trot under all circumstances

Front 6

Describe a grade 4 lameness

Back 6

consistent obvious lameness at a walk under all circumstances

Front 7

Describe a grade 5 lameness

Back 7

minimal weight bearing

Front 8

What is probably one of the most important considerations in the signalment and hx when doing a lameness exam?

Back 8

use of horse/expectations for future use

Front 9

T/F: horses with lameness should have a full PE

Back 9

true

Front 10

What are you going to visually examine at rest?

Back 10

conformation
posture
symmetry of body shape
swellings
types of shoes
status of feet

Front 11

"pointing" refers to.....

Back 11

the horse holding the lame limb ahead of the unaffected limb

Front 12

T/F: resting a hindlimb is very indicative of lameness

Back 12

false: they do this normally as well

Front 13

Explain the posure of the back limbs observed with a pelvic of high femoral injury?

Back 13

outward rotation of affected limb

Front 14

Standing camped under in the rear is often seen in horses with _____

Back 14

bilateral rear laminitis

Front 15

T/F: usually the lame foot will have a smaller hoof when looking dorsally

Back 15

true

Front 16

A hoof with a steep hoof wall is called

Back 16

club foot

Front 17

_____ is an increased amount of synovial fluid within a synovial structure, resulting in abnormal distention of the synovial capsule

Back 17

effusion

Front 18

___ is increased amount of fluid in the connective tissue without an inflammatory response

Back 18

edema

Front 19

T/F: edema is often perfectly circular and round

Back 19

False: effusion

Front 20

____ is an increased amount of fluid in the connective tissues with signs of inflammation

Back 20

cellulitis

Front 21

T/F: a negative hoof tester rules out a painful process within the hoof capsule

Back 21

false

Front 22

What are some things to do during an examination during motion

Back 22

walk and trot straight away
walk and trot on a circle in both directions (lunge line)
Flexion tests

Front 23

T/F: flexion tests are useful as a primary indicator for a positive response to nerve blocks?

Back 23

False: you should NOT use these as a primary indicator for a positive response to your nerve blocks

Front 24

Describe the flexion test

Back 24

1 minute flexing (stressing) of the joint, then trot straight away immediately after letting go of the limb

Front 25

Give the results for the following interpretations of flexion tests:
1) negative
2) mildly positive
3) moderately positive
4) severely positive

Back 25

1) negative: inc. lameness 1-2 steps
2) mildly positive inc. lameness 3-5 steps
3) moderately positive: inc. lameness > 5 steps
4) severely positive: "crippled" lame

Front 26

What joints does a general front limb flexion stress?

Back 26

coffin
pastern
fetlock
carpal
elbow
+/- shoulder

Front 27

What joints are stressed in a lower limb flexion?

Back 27

coffin
pastern
fetlock joint suspensory branches

Front 28

What joints are stressed in a forelimb upper limb flexion?

Back 28

shoulder
+/- elbow

Front 29

What joints are stressed in a forelimb upper limb extension?

Back 29

elbow +/- shoulder

Front 30

What joints does a general hindlimb flexion stress?

Back 30

coffin
pastern
hock
stilfe
fetlock and suspensory branches

Front 31

What joints does hindlimb upper limb flexion stress?

Back 31

hock
stifle
hip joints

Front 32

In a normal horse hip roll the ___ hemipelvis appears higher than the ____ hemipelvis when the Left rear limb bears weight

Back 32

In a normal horse hip roll the LEFT hemipelvis appears higher than the RIGHT hemipelvis when the L rear limb bears weight

Vice versa for the right side

Front 33

T/F: In a normal horse, at a trot the head should move and down with each step

Back 33

False: This describes a walk. At a trot the horse should hold head/neck still

Front 34

What is the hallmark sign of front limb lameness?

Back 34

Head is down on the sound foot and up on the lame foot

Front 35

Head nod is _____ when sound limb on ground and head bob is ___ when lame limb on ground

Back 35

Head nod is down when sound limb on ground and head bob is up when lame limb on ground

Front 36

Hip hike is when the L/R hemipelvis are ___ when the lame limb is on the ground

Back 36

UP

Front 37

Hip drop is when the L/R hemipelvis are ___ when the lame limb is on the ground

Back 37

DOWN

Front 38

T/F: the side with the greater hip excursion is the lame side

Back 38

true

Front 39

T/F: the side with the hip hike is the lame side

Back 39

false: it is the sound side

Front 40

In the hind limb the head will be ____ when the lame leg is down and ____ when the sound limb is down

Back 40

In the hind limb the head will be DOWN when the lame leg is down and UP when the sound limb is down