La And The American Dream Midterm

Front 1

Los Angeles as a border city (Border City: Race and Social Distance in Los Angeles, Greg Hise)

Back 1

Before the United States expanded into California, it had made plans for a "great modern metropolis." Los Angeles and Alta California were considered to be central to the world geographically, in history and in world trade. Los Angeles is a place where a wide variety of people, resources, and ideas come together; it is a "World made together." It is a prototype for determining how to solve tomorrow's problems. It is such since, as it states above, a city of the future with its well developed economy, demographic diversity, and constant immigration.

Front 2

William Lacy (Border City: Race and Social Distance in Los Angeles, Greg Hise)

Back 2

He was the 1929 President of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce. Lacy created a metaphor, relating Mexicans to old dilapidated landmarks such as those in Sonoratown (a Mexican Plaza, saying that Mexicans, though not fading away, are segregated).

Front 3

Sonoratown (Border City: Race and Social Distance in Los Angeles, Greg Hise)

Back 3

It was made of clay and straw bricks, which was old and "melting" away. The "melting" away was a natural event, and it reflected what the Yankees found when they came (a disappearing adobe and Spanish-Mexican past). With the disappearing of adobes came the disappearing of Spanish-Mexican culture. Los Angeles would be built on a blank slate, rather than on Spanish-Mexican past. There were boundaries and property lines - the clearing away of the bricks of Sonoratown is a marker that separates Sonoratown from Anglos and from other cultures. There are different lots, streets, townships, etc. which are all markers to separate economic, social, and cultural practices to create political legitamacy as well as hegemony.

Front 4

A topography of race (Border City: Race and Social Distance in Los Angeles, Greg Hise)

Back 4

A topography of race is based on the relative position in space of the type of people that used to live in each area. This is now associated with a hierarchy of low to high class. West and east are now used to divide people of different race, ethnicity, class, status, and prospect.

Front 5

"Mexican patient" (Border City: Race and Social Distance in Los Angeles, Greg Hise)

Back 5

An ill woman called "Mexican patient," as if without an identity, had the Pneumonic plague so when fear spread rapidly, there were boundaries formed by police to protect others. This defines social distance. If people of different races were to "mix," there would be a threat to social norms and economic boundaries.

Front 6

Neighborhood segregation (Border City: Race and Social Distance in Los Angeles, Greg Hise)

Back 6

Reconstruction and renewal of the city led to "divvying up of land and assigning properties" This led to certain concentrations of people to live in specific areas; wealthy are in certain areas, poor are in others. This caused different access to capital, education, health care, and other services that are vital to living in the city and fulfilling hopes and dreams. This decides whether or not you will survive a heart attack, whether or not you will get into a good college, etc.

Front 7

Los Angeles River (Reinventing Los Angeles: Re-Envisioning the Los Angeles River, Robert Gottlieb)

Back 7

The Los Angeles River is a river that begins in Long Beach near the ocean and continues through the city of Los Angeles under old industrial sections of downtown and dense communities. It is a degraded, nonexistent river. It has no fish and hauls debris from sewers. However, it was once able to fertilize a rich soil and serve communities with water for drinking, but the land quickly became cheap for railroad yards and industrial plants. It became a barrier for residential and industrial development due to its tendency to flood. To try to contain the river, the city constructed a "water freeway" that ran for 51 miles. It was a channel that was fenced off. All the floors of the river were concrete except for three "soft spots" where there was life and nature.

Front 8

Dick Roraback and Lewis MacAdams (Reinventing Los Angeles: Re-Envisioning the Los Angeles River, Robert Gottlieb)

Back 8

They are the two main players involved in reinventing the Los Angeles River. They introduced a series of events and movements to make the Los Angeles River into a natural piece of Los Angeles once again. MacAdams is a poet and an activist. He starts Friends of the Los Angeles River (FoLAR), with the goal of "focusing on language and symbols...by insisting that the Los Angeles River was indeed a river."

Front 9

FoLAR's Three event series (Reinventing Los Angeles: Re-Envisioning the Los Angeles River, Robert Gottlieb)

Back 9

First event: flow of the river - at one of the three soft spots, vegetation grew and habitat flourished, reinforcing FoLAR's agreement that stretches of soft sports were visually and functionally a free flowing river. Second event: Richard Katz - he proposed a River Freeway, which would result in a 20% reduction in congestion for 2 nearby freeways. He also mentioned greenbelts, bikeways, and parkways. His idea was essential to FoLAR: "Why not reenvision the Los Angeles River as an actual river?" Third Event: battle with Army Corps - Army Corps proposed to raise channel walls, but FoLAR countered by suggesting creating new parkland and implementing land approaches to prevent river from losing aesthetics. There was a debate with the Los Angeles Drainage Area (LACDA), and they won and agreed to only raise levees in some areas while building walls in others.

Front 10

Urban Environmental Policy Institute (UEPI)

Back 10

FoLAR created a collaboration with Occidental College to focus on the Los Angeles River with three goals: teaching, research, and community engagement. The focus of the project was to get the attention of the policy makers regarding opening space and revitalizing the river as a community issue/environmental concern.

Front 11

UEPI History/Engineering-related forums (Reinventing Los Angeles: Re-Envisioning the Los Angeles River, Robert Gottlieb)

Back 11

Blake Gumprecht said that the concreteness of the River was good for flood prevention, and William Deverell said that the Los Angeles River's transformation from a river to a flood channel caused much of the divide between the community. Harry Stone, head of the Los Angeles County department of Public Works, proposed that the concrete be removed from the Los Angeles River. Costs, social change.

Front 12

Urban Parks Movement (Anatomy of the Urban Parks Movement, Garcia & Flores)

Back 12

The Urban Park Movement delivers the message that we must overcome interracial differences. Parks can raise property values, increase tourism, promote the economic revitalization of neighboring communities, create jobs, and reduce health care costs. GREEN SPACE = GOOD.

Front 13

The Quimby Act (Anatomy of the Urban Parks Movement, Garcia & Flores)

Back 13

The Quimby Act requires developers to set aside money to create parks near their new projects. New projects are disproportionately built in disproportionately wealthy white communities, which benefit from the Quimby funds. Compared to wealthier neighborhoods, low-income and minority neighborhoods tolerate more than their fair share of environmental burdens. The goal of the city is then to stop warehouse projects and to create better parks, as learned from the Cornfield.