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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 characteristic properties of pure substances |
-intensive property -extensive property |
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intensive property |
independent of the amount of substance present -color, melting point, hardness, temperature -big or small; WON'T CHANGE |
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extensive property |
property that VARIES with the quantity of the subtance -volume, mass, length |
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density |
d=m/v -intensive property ratio of mass of an object to its volume -a ratio will ALWAYS be the same regardless of how much of the sample is measured |
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physical property |
can be observed WITHOUT changing it -color, luster, hardness, boiling point (temperature), density |
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chemical property |
can observe only if you DO change it -flammability, reactivity |
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states of matter |
solid, liquid, gas |
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solid |
most dense definite shape and volume close together |
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liquid |
less dense flows to shape of container further apart |
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gas |
LEAST dense no volume/shape WAY further apart highly compressible |
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ice |
less dense than water because spaced out more |
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sublimination |
solid to gas -snow to vapor |
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deposition |
gas to solid -vapor to frost |
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states of matter MP and BP order
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solid MP liquid BP gas (left to right) |
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water MP and BP |
MP= 0 C BP= 100 C |
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scientific method |
approach to gain knowledge through observation |
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hypothesis |
testable explanation for an observation |
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scientific theory |
general explanation of widely observed observation; can be tested |
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SI units |
system of units together with a set of prefixes to indicate multiplication/division of power of 10 |
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7 SI Base Units |
mass= kg length= m temp= K (kelvin) time= s energy= J (joule) electrical current= A (ampere) amount of a substance= mol (mole) |
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Significant figures rules |
- non zero digits good (0+) -zeros beginning of number NO (00013.2) -zeros at end of number NO (31000) = 3.1 x10^3 -zeros at end of number if followed by decimal point good (13.000) -zeros between nonzeros (captive zeros) good -leading, trailing, captive |
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weak-link principle |
4.72 / 0.25 and answer is 18.87665 -make it 18.88 (2 numbers after decimal just like given numbers in equation) |
