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7 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Pancreatic enzyme
Typsin, chymotrypsin, elastase
Carboxypeptidase
Amylase
Lipase
Ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease
Control of pancreatic exocrine secretion
Most important: intestinal phase
1. Acid chyme in duodenum --> secretin from S cells --> secretion of HCO3- rich fluid
2. Partially digested protein and fat in duodenum --> CCK from I cells --> secretion of pancreatic enzyme

Vagal (cephalic phase), CCK and secretin are synergistic
Functions of biliary secretions
Digestive functions:
Bile acids:
1. Emulsification and formation of micelles
2. Aid fat digestion and absroption
3. Promote absorption of fat soluble vitamins
HCO3-:
Neutralize acidic chyme and provide optimal pH for enzyme action

Excretory functions
1. Bile pigment
2. Excess cholesterol
3. Drugs
Contents of bile
Water, electrolytes, organic molecules (bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, bilirubin)
Control of biliary secretion
Most potent: bile acids - bile acid in blood stimulate uptake and re-secretion of bile acids, inhibts hepatocyte synthesis of bile salts

Secretin: stimulate secretion of HCO3- rich fluid, stimulated by acidic chyme in stomach

CCK: stimulate contraction of gallbladder and relaxation of sphincter of Oddi, fat and peptides in duodenum stimulates CCK release

Vagus: stimulate contraction of gallbladder
2 stages of biliary secretion
1. First stage: Hepatocyte secret fluid rich in bile salts, cholesterol and other organic components into canaliculi
2. Second stage: bile flows through bile duct, modified by addition of watery, bicarbonate-rich secretion from ductal epithelial cells
3. Bile stored and concentreated in gallbladder through absorption of water, sodium, chloride and other electrolytes
primary and secondary bile salt
primary: cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid
Intestinal bacteria change to secondary bile acid by dehydroxylation

both conjugated with glycine and taurine