Kuntzman/tortora A&p Ch.5 Integumentary System

Front 1

The integumentary system consist of?

Back 1

– Skin (cutaneous membrane)
– Blood Vessels
– Nerves
– Accessory Structures (Hair, nails, and skin glands)

Front 2

With body surface assessments you're looking for?

Back 2

– Changes in (4 T's)
– Signs of Infection

Front 3

What are the 4 T's?

Back 3

– Texture
– Tone
– Temperature
– Tenderness

Front 4

With the structures of the skin (cutaneous membrane) what are the 2 layers?

Back 4

– Epidermis
– Dermis

Front 5

With the structure of skin (cutaneous membrane) which layer is the superficial epithelial layer?

Back 5

Epidermis Layer

Front 6

With the structure of the skin (cutaneous membrane) which layer is the deeper connective tissue layer?

Back 6

Dermis Layer

Front 7

With the structure of the skin (cutaneous membrane) what is below the skin that contains adipose (fat) tissue?

Back 7

Hypodermis

Front 8

With the structure of the epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) layer of the skin, what are the 4 consisting cell types?

Back 8

– Stratified
– Squamous
– Keratinized
– Epithelium

Front 9

With the structure of epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) of the skin, which cell type is the main cell type which contains protein and waterproofs the skin?

Back 9

Keratinocytes

Front 10

With the structure of epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) of the skin, which cell type is the one that produce melanin; the pigment that absorbs damaging UV radiation and contributes to skin color?

Back 10

Melanocytes

Front 11

With the structure of epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) of the skin, which cell type are immune cells?

Back 11

Langerhans Cells

Front 12

With the structure of epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) of the skin, which cell type has sensory touch receptors and are deep in epidermis?

Back 12

Merkle Disc

Front 13

How many layers (strata) of the epidermis are there?

Back 13

4 – 5

Front 14

What are the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?

Back 14

– Stratum Basale (deepest)
– Stratum Spinosum
– Stratum Granulosum
– Stratum Lucidum (only in thick skin)
– Stratum Corneum

Front 15

Which layer of the epidermis is the deepest?

Back 15

Stratum Basale

Front 16

Which layer of the epidermis is only in thick skin?

Back 16

Stratum Lucidum

Front 17

Which layer of the epidermis is the most superficial?

Back 17

Stratum Corneum

Front 18

With the layers of the epidermis, which layer has a single row of cells and contain stem cells that are the only one to undergo mitosis, producing new keratinocytes?

Back 18

Stratum Basale

Front 19

With the stratum basale layer of the epidermis,_____is where newly formed cells are pushed to the surface (4 weeks)?

Back 19

Keratinization

Front 20

The stratum basale layer is also known as_____ _____which is the_____cell layer that forms new cells?

Back 20

-Stratum Germinativum
-Germ

Front 21

Which epidermis layer contains melanocytes and merkle disc?

Back 21

Stratum Basale Layer

Front 22

What is required if the stratum basale layer is destroyed?

Back 22

Skin Graft

Front 23

This layer of the epidermis is superficial to the stratum basale and has 8 – 10 rows of keratinocytes with torn like spines?

Back 23

Stratum Spinosum

Front 24

This layer of the epidermis is superficial to the stratum Spinosum and has 3 – 5 rows of keratinocytes?

Back 24

Stratum Granulosum

Front 25

With stratum granulosum you have keratinocytes that contain granules that are the precursor to keratin which are called?

Back 25

Keratohyalin

Front 26

This layer of epidermis is superficial to the stratum granulosum and has 3 – 5 rows of dead keratinocytes?

Back 26

Stratum Lucidum

Front 27

This layer of epidermis is only in thick skin like the fingertips, palms, and souls?

Back 27

Stratum Lucidum

Front 28

This layer of epidermis is the most superficial and has 25 – 30 rows of squamous dead keratinocytes?

Back 28

Stratum Corneum

Front 29

With the stratum corneum cells are continuously_____and_____?

Back 29

– Replaced
– Shed

Front 30

This is a abnormally thickened stratum corneum?

Back 30

Callus

Front 31

This is the deeper connective tissue portion of the skin?

Back 31

Dermis

Front 32

What does the dermis consist of?

Back 32

– Blood Vessels
– Nerves
– Glands
– Hair Follicles

Front 33

What are the 2 regions of the dermis?

Back 33

– Papillary
– Reticular

Front 34

Which region of the dermis is the superficial portion (about 1/5) and consist of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers?

Back 34

Papillary

Front 35

The papillary of the dermis consist of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers that contain dermal papillae that house_____, corpuscles of touch, and free_____ _____?

Back 35

– Capillaries
– Nerve Endings

Front 36

This region of the dermis is the deeper portion (about 4/5) and consist of dense irregular connective tissue with bundles of collagen and some coarse elastic fibers?

Back 36

Reticular

Front 37

The reticular region of the dermis has spaces between fibers that contain some adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves,_____ glands, and_____ glands?

Back 37

– Sebaceous Glands
– Sudoriferous Glands

Front 38

What are the 3 pigments that contribute to skin color?

Back 38

– Melanin
– Hemoglobin
– Carotene

Front 39

Which of the 3 pigments is where the skin color vairies, it can be pale yellow to red to tan to black?

Back 39

Melanin

Front 40

With Melanin pigment the number of_____ is the same and all people?

Back 40

– Melanocytes

Front 41

Differences in skin color is mainly due to the_____of space_____ melanocytes produce?

Back 41

– Amount
– Melanin

Front 42

With the structural basis of skin color this is a inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin?

Back 42

Albinism

Front 43

Which of the 3 pigments is oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells?

Back 43

Hemoglobin

Front 44

With hemoglobin_____ blood flow causes reddish (erythema) skin color?

Back 44

Increased

Front 45

With hemoglobin_____ blood flow causes bluish (cyanotic) skin color?

Back 45

Decreased

Front 46

Which of the 3 pigments is yellow – orange pigment, and forms vitamin A for vision?

Back 46

Carotene

Front 47

Where is hairs (pili) located?

Back 47

Thin (hairy) Skin

Front 48

3 Functions of hair?

Back 48

– Protects Structures from UV Rays
– Decreases Heat Loss
– Protects Eyes from Foreign Particles

Front 49

Hair touch receptors is called the?

Back 49

Hair Root Plexuses

Front 50

Hair is dead,_____space cells?

Back 50

Keratinized

Front 51

With hair anatomy what part is the superficial portion above skin?

Back 51

Hair Shaft

Front 52

With hair anatomy what part is the deeper portion that penetrates skin?

Back 52

Hair Root

Front 53

With hair anatomy what part produce oil?

Back 53

Sebaceous Glands

Front 54

With hair anatomy what part is where smooth muscles raise hairs " goosebumps" when contracted?

Back 54

Arrector Pili Muscles

Front 55

With hair anatomy what part is the external and internal root sheaths?

Back 55

Hair Follicle

Front 56

With hair anatomy what part is the base of the hair follicle that contains the hair?

Back 56

Bulb

Front 57

With hair anatomy this is the Stratum basale layer that is the site of cell division?

Back 57

Matrix

Front 58

With hair growth what stage is where cells of the hair matrix divide, keratinize, and die, and new cells are added at the base of the hair follicle pushing the older cells toward the surface making hair grown longer?

Back 58

Growth Stage

Front 59

With hair growth what stage is where hair growth stops?

Back 59

Resting Stage

Front 60

With hair growth this is partial or complete hair loss due to aging, chemotherapy, or genetics?

Back 60

Alopecia

Front 61

Hair color is primarily due to the amount of_____?

Back 61

Melanin

Front 62

Glands are formed by_____ _____cells that secrete (release) a substance?

Back 62

Stratum Basale

Front 63

3 types of exocrine glands in the skin where products are released into ducts?

Back 63

– Sebaceous (oil) Glands
–Sudoriferous (sweat) Glands
–Ceruminous Glands (produce earwax)

Front 64

Which exocrine gland is oil glands?

Back 64

Sebaceous (oil) Glands

Front 65

Which exocrine gland is sweat glands?

Back 65

Sudoriferous (sweat) Glands

Front 66

Which exocrine gland produce earwax?

Back 66

Ceruminous Glands

Front 67

Which exocrine gland is associated with hair follicles and thin skin and is absent in thick skin like the palms and soles?

Back 67

Sebaceous Glands

Front 68

Which exocrine gland secrete a substance called sebum that prevents dryness, inhibits growth of certain bacteria, and if clogged may cause acne?

Back 68

Sebaceous Glands

Front 69

Which exocrine gland has 3-4 million in the body and releases onto skin surface through pores?

Back 69

Sudoriferous (sweat) Glands

Front 70

What are the 2 main types of Sudoriferous (sweat) glands based on structure, location, and type of secretion?

Back 70

– Eccrine Sweat Glands
– Apocrine Sweat Glands

Front 71

Which of the 2 main types of sudoriferous sweat glands has a distribution through out the skin of most regions of the body, especially in skin of the forehead, palms, and soles?

Back 71

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Front 72

Which of the 2 main types of sudoriferous sweat glands has a distribution to the skin of the axilla, groin, areolae, bearded regions of the face, clitoris, and labia minora?

Back 72

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Front 73

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands is located mostly in the deep dermis?

Back 73

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Front 74

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands is located mostly in the subcutaneous layer (armpit)?

Back 74

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Front 75

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands has a termination of excretory duct at the surface of the epidermis?

Back 75

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Front 76

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands has a termination of excretory duct a the hair follicle?

Back 76

- Apocrine Sweat Glands

Front 77

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands functions to regulate body temperature and waste removal?

Back 77

- Eccrine Sweat Glands

Front 78

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands funtions are stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement?

Back 78

- Apocrine Sweat Glands

Front 79

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands has a on set of function soon after birth, and have no odor?

Back 79

- Eccrine Sweat Glands

Front 80

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands has a on set of function at puberty and has a odor?

Back 80

- Apocrine Sweat Glands

Front 81

Which exocrine gland is located in the external ear, and provides a sticky barrier that impedes the entrance of foreign bodies?

Back 81

- Ceruminous Glands

Front 82

Ceruminous glands produce a waxy secretion called _____ (_____).

Back 82

- Cerumen (Ear Wax)

Front 83

Nails are _____ packed, dead, keratinized _____ cells?

Back 83

- Tightly
- Epidermal

Front 84

What part of the nail is the visible portion?

Back 84

- Nail Body

Front 85

What part of the nail is the portion that extends past the digit?

Back 85

- Free Edge

Front 86

What part of the nail is the portion deep to the skin?

Back 86

- Nail Root

Front 87

What part of the nail is whitish, and crescent-shaped?

Back 87

- Lunula

Front 88

What part of the nail is the site of cell division (stratum basale)?

Back 88

- Nail Matrix

Front 89

A rich blood supply to the nail causes _____ color?

Back 89

- Pinkish

Front 90

Poor blood supply to the nail causes _____(_____) color?

Back 90

- Bluish (Cyanosis)

Front 91

Palms, palmer surface of digits, and soles is thin or thick skin?

Back 91

Thick Skin

Front 92

All parts of the body except palms and palmar surface of digits and soles are thin or thick skin?

Back 92

Thin Skin

Front 93

With epidermal strata which skin type thin or thick has thick strata lucidum, spinosum, and corneum?

Back 93

Thick Skin

Front 94

With epidermal strata which skin type, thin or thick has stratum lucidum essentially lacking with thinner strata spinosum and corneum?

Back 94

Thin Skin

Front 95

Hair follicles and arrector pili muscles are absent in which skin type?

Back 95

Thick Skin

Front 96

Hair follicles and arrector pili muscles are present in which skin type?

Back 96

Thin Skin

Front 97

Epidermal ridges are present in which skin type?

Back 97

Thick Skin

Front 98

Epidermal ridges are lacking in which skin type?

Back 98

Thin Skin

Front 99

Sebaceous glands are absent in which skin type?

Back 99

Thick Skin

Front 100

Sebaceous glands are present in which skin type?

Back 100

Thin Skin

Front 101

Sudoriferous glands are more numerous in which skin type?

Back 101

Thick Skin

Front 102

Sudoriferous glands are fewer in which skin type?

Back 102

Thin Skin

Front 103

Sensory receptors are denser in which skin type?

Back 103

Thick Skin

Front 104

Sensory receptors are sparser in which skin type?

Back 104

Thin Skin

Front 105

6 skin functions?

Back 105

– Thermoregulation
– Blood Reservoir
– Protection
– Sensation
– Excretion and Absorption
– Synthesis of Vitamin D

Front 106

With skin functions what controls body temperature?

Back 106

Thermoregulation (main function)

Front 107

With skin functions what stores 8 – 10% of blood at rest in a adult?

Back 107

Blood Reservoir

Front 108

With skin functions a barrier to microbes and chemicals is for?

Back 108

Protection

Front 109

Which skin functions senses touch, pain, and temperature?

Back 109

Sensations

Front 110

Which skin function removes and absorbs some substances?

Back 110

Excretion and Absorption

Front 111

Which skin function is produced by UV exposure then converted to calcitriol (active form) that aids in calcium absorption in GI tract?

Back 111

Synthesis of Vitamin D

Front 112

What type of healing is when the wound only involves epidermis, like abrasions and minor burns that do not bleed?

Back 112

Epidermal (superficial) Wound Healing

Front 113

With epidermal (superficial) wound healing, stratum basale cells break contact with the_____ _____ and start migrating_____ one another?

Back 113

– Basement Membrane
– Towards

Front 114

With epidermal (superficial) wound healing, what is it called when cells stop migrating from opposite sides once they encounter one another?

Back 114

Contact Inhibition

Front 115

What type of healing is when wound extends beyond epidermis?

Back 115

Deep Wound Healing

Front 116

With deep wound healing what is formed and has loss of some functions?

Back 116

Scar Tissue

Front 117

What are the 4 phases of deep wound healing in order?

Back 117

– Inflammatory
– Migratory
– Proliferative
– Maturation

Front 118

Which of the 4 phases of deep wound healing is where blood clots form and vasodilation occurs and enhances delivery of phagocytic cells?

Back 118

Inflammatory

Front 119

Which of the 4 phases of deep wound healing is where clots form scab and fibroblast begins synthesizing scar (granulation) tissue?

Back 119

Migratory

Front 120

Which of the 4 phases of deep healing is extensive deposition by fibroblast?

Back 120

Proliferative

Front 121

Which of the 4 phases of deep wound healing is where the scab sloughs off and epidermis is restored?

Back 121

Maturation

Front 122

With deep wound healing this is scar tissue formation?

Back 122

Fibrosis

Front 123

Scar tissue contains more densely arranged_____ fibers, and_____ blood vessels, hair, skin and glands, sensory receptors and melanocytes?

Back 123

– Collagen Fibers
– Fewer

Front 124

This type of scar remains within boundaries of original wound?

Back 124

Hypertrophic Scar

Front 125

This type of scar extends beyond boundaries of original wound?

Back 125

Keloid Scar

Front 126

This is caused by excessive exposure to UV radiation (natural or artificial)?

Back 126

Skin Cancer

Front 127

3 common forms of skin cancer?

Back 127

– Basal Cell Carcinoma
– Squamous Cell Carcinoma
– Malignant Melanoma

Front 128

What form of skin cancer is the most common and rarely metastasizes and is usually harmless?

Back 128

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Front 129

What form of skin cancer mostly developed from existing damaged tissue (lips or ears)?

Back 129

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Front 130

What form of skin cancer is the rarest and most deadly, and arise from melanocytes and metastasize rapidly?

Back 130

Malignant Melanoma

Front 131

With skin cancer, skin type, sun exposure, family history, age, and immunological status are all what?

Back 131

Risk Factors

Front 132

Effects with aging and the Integumentary system are usually not apparent until?

Back 132

Late 40s

Front 133

Effects with aging and the integumentary system will usually cause elastic fibers to_____ elasticity, causing_____?

Back 133

– Lose
– Wrinkling

Front 134

With aging and the integumentary system these cells decrease which reduce skins immune responsiveness?

Back 134

Langerhans

Front 135

With aging and the integumentary system there is a decreased size and number of_____glands that cause dry and cracking skin?

Back 135

Sebaceous

Front 136

With aging and the integumentary system there is decreased _____ production which can lead to heat strokes?

Back 136

Sweat

Front 137

With aging and integumentary system there is decreased numbers of functional _____ resulting in gray hair and some enlarge causing age (liver) spots?

Back 137

Melanocytes

Front 138

With aging and the integumentary system hair and nail growth _____ and nails become _____?

Back 138

– Decreases
– Brittle