Kuntzman/tortora A&p Ch.21 Cardiovascular System: The Blood

Front 1

Blood functions?

Back 1

– Transports
– Regulates
– Protects

Front 2

Oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide from cells is what blood function?

Back 2

Transportation

Front 3

PH and body temperature is what blood function?

Back 3

Regulation

Front 4

Blood _____ the body by blood clotting and phagocytosis?

Back 4

Protects

Front 5

Blood composition involves?

Back 5

– Connective Tissue
– Plasma
– Formed Elements
– Hematocrit

Front 6

With blood composition, what % is plasma?

Back 6

55%

Front 7

With blood composition, water, proteins, and other solutes is what?

Back 7

Plasma

Front 8

With blood composition, what % is formed elements?

Back 8

45%

Front 9

With blood composition, what has RBCs, WBC's, and platelets?

Back 9

Formed Elements

Front 10

With blood composition, what is % RBC's?

Back 10

Hematocrit

Front 11

With blood composition, plasma has what % of water?

Back 11

92%

Front 12

With blood composition, plasma has what % of plasma proteins?

Back 12

7%

Front 13

With blood composition, what are the plasma proteins?

Back 13

– Albumins
– Globulins
– Fibrinogens

Front 14

What plasma protein is blood pressure?

Back 14

Albumins

Front 15

What plasma protein is antibodies?

Back 15

Globulins

Front 16

What plasma protein is clotting?

Back 16

Fibrinogens

Front 17

With blood composition, other solutes are what %?

Back 17

1%

Front 18

This is the formation of blood cells, and occurs in red bone marrow of adult spongy bone?

Back 18

Hemopoiesis

Front 19

Hemopoiesis is found in what bones?

Back 19

– Axial Skeleton
– Pelvic Bones
– Ends of Long Bones

Front 20

RBC's is also known as?

Back 20

Erthrocytes

Front 21

RBC count?

Back 21

About 5 million/UL

Front 22

With RBC structure, there is no _____, and it limits the lifespan to __-__months?

Back 22

– Nucleus
– 3 – 4 Months

Front 23

With RBC structure, _____ disc shape increases gas exchange?

Back 23

Biconcave

Front 24

With RBC structure, _____ transports oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Back 24

Hemoglobin

Front 25

Reduced hematocrit (% RBC's) decreases oxygen delivery causing fatigue and intolerance to cold is what?

Back 25

Anemia

Front 26

Most common form of anemia?

Back 26

Iron – Deficiency

Front 27

Excessive blood loss with anemia?

Back 27

Hemorrhagic

Front 28

With RBC production, the formation of just RBCs is?

Back 28

Erythropoiesis

Front 29

With RBC production, erythropoiesis is controlled by what feedback?

Back 29

Negative

Front 30

What is it called when the oxygen deficiency of kidneys stimulates erythropoietin production?

Back 30

Hypoxia

Front 31

With RBC production, these developed into mature RBCs?

Back 31

Reticulocytes

Front 32

With RBC production, this is artificially or naturally increasing RBCs?

Back 32

Blood Doping

Front 33

Normally RBC production _____ RBC destruction?

Back 33

Equals

Front 34

RBC lifespan?

Back 34

3 – 4 Months

Front 35

This is a product of RBC destruction, and excessive amounts are associated with jaundice?

Back 35

Bilirubin

Front 36

White blood cells (WBCs) are also known as?

Back 36

Leukocytes

Front 37

Normal WBC count?

Back 37

5000 – 10,000/UL

Front 38

With infections, the WBC count increases or decreases?

Back 38

Increases

Front 39

High abnormal WBC count is called?

Back 39

Leukocytosis

Front 40

Low abnormal WBC count is called?

Back 40

Leukopenia

Front 41

WBCs have 2 classes?

Back 41

– Granular
– Agranular

Front 42

With WBCs, what class has neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?

Back 42

Granular

Front 43

With WBCs, what class has lymphocytes, and monocytes?

Back 43

Agranular

Front 44

Major function of WBCs?

Back 44

Defense during Infection and Inflammation

Front 45

WBC types?

Back 45

– Neutrophils
– Eosinophils
– Basophils
– Lymphocytes
– Monocytes

Front 46

What WBC type is 1st responders to infection and are phagocytosis, and most abundant?

Back 46

Neutrophils

Front 47

What WBC type reduce inflammation?

Back 47

Eosinophils

Front 48

What WBC type intensify inflammation?

Back 48

Basophils

Front 49

What WBC type develop into macrophages and are phagocytosis?

Back 49

Monocytes

Front 50

What WBC type has 3 types, T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells?

Back 50

Lymphocytes

Front 51

Thrombocytes are?

Back 51

Platelets

Front 52

Normal platelet count?

Back 52

150,000 – 400,000/UL

Front 53

With platelet functions, it forms a platelet _____ in damaged blood vessels during _____?

Back 53

– Plug
– Hemostasis

Front 54

Stops bleeding & avoids hemorrhaging?

Back 54

Hemostasis

Front 55

With hemostasis, what are the 3 events that stop bleeding and avoid hemorrhaging?

Back 55

– Vascular Spasm
– Platelet Plug Formation
– Coagulation

Front 56

With hemostasis, what event is where blood vessel smooth muscle contracts?

Back 56

Vascular Spasm

Front 57

With hemostasis, what event has platelet adhesion and aggregation, and platelets stick and accumulate?

Back 57

Platelet Plug Formation

Front 58

With hemostasis, what event has a series of chemical reactions involving clotting factors?

Back 58

Coagulation

Front 59

Coagulation has a _____ feedback response that forms _____ by activating clotting factors?

Back 59

– Positive
– Fibrin

Front 60

With coagulation, what is fibrin and blood cells?

Back 60

Clot

Front 61

With coagulation, what is plasma, minus clotting proteins?

Back 61

Serum

Front 62

What are the 3 stages of coagulation?

Back 62

– Prothrombinase Is Formed
– Prothrombin –> Thrombin
– Fibrinogen –> Fibrin –> Clot

Front 63

1st stage of coagulation?

Back 63

Prothrombinase Is Formed

Front 64

2nd stage of coagulation?

Back 64

Prothrombin –> Thrombin

Front 65

3rd stage of coagulation?

Back 65

Fibrinogen –> Fibrin –> Clot

Front 66

Calcium and _____ __ is required in coagulation?

Back 66

Vitamin K

Front 67

With clot retraction and vessel repair, a fibrin clot _____ (_____)?

Back 67

Retracts (tightens)

Front 68

With clot retraction and vessel repair, what pulls sides of wound together?

Back 68

Fibrin Clot

Front 69

With clot retraction and vessel repair, this is where fibroblast replace connective tissue?

Back 69

Repair

Front 70

With vessel repair, what kind of cells repair lining?

Back 70

Epithelial

Front 71

With hemostatic control mechanisms, what is the breakdown of clots by plasmin?

Back 71

Fibrinolysis

Front 72

Fibrinolysis inactivated?

Back 72

Plasminogen –> Plasmin

Front 73

With homeostatic control mechanisms, what is inappropriate clots that may be triggered by roughness in the blood vessel wall?

Back 73

Thrombosis

Front 74

Stationary clot?

Back 74

Thrombus

Front 75

Traveling clot?

Back 75

Embolus

Front 76

Blood thinners?

Back 76

Anticoagulants

Front 77

What anticoagulant is warfarnn (Coumadin)?

Back 77

Heparin

Front 78

What anticoagulant inhibits platelet (aggregation)?

Back 78

Aspirin

Front 79

RBC's has _____(_____) on cell surfaces?

Back 79

– Antigens (markers)

Front 80

Blood groups consist of __ or more blood types?

Back 80

2

Front 81

There are > ___ blood groups?

Back 81

24

Front 82

2 examples of blood groups?

Back 82

– ABO Blood Group
– Rh Blood Group

Front 83

What blood group has type A, B, AB, and O?

Back 83

ABO Blood Group

Front 84

What blood group has Rh+ and Rh–?

Back 84

Rh Blood Group

Front 85

Blood types are determined _____?

Back 85

Genetically

Front 86

With the ABO blood group, what 2 types of antigens are on RBC's?

Back 86

– A
– B

Front 87

What blood type only have A antigens?

Back 87

Type A

Front 88

What blood type only have B antigens?

Back 88

Type B

Front 89

What blood type has both A and B Antigens?

Back 89

Type AB

Front 90

What blood type has neither A or B antigens?

Back 90

Type O

Front 91

With the ABO blood group, the blood plasma usually contains _____?

Back 91

Antibodies

Front 92

Blood plasma has 2 types of antibodies?

Back 92

– Anti-A Antibody
– Anti-B Antibody

Front 93

Antibodies react with _____?

Back 93

Antigens

Front 94

Plasma _____ antibodies against own antigens?

Back 94

Lack

Front 95

What blood type has anti-B antibodies?

Back 95

Type A

Front 96

What blood type has anti-A antibodies?

Back 96

Type B

Front 97

What blood type has neither anti-A or anti-B antibodies?

Back 97

Type AB

Front 98

What blood type has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?

Back 98

Type O

Front 99

With ABO groups, what is the universal cell donor?

Back 99

Type O Cells

Front 100

With ABO groups, what is the universal plasma donor?

Back 100

Type AB Plasma

Front 101

With ABO groups, what is the universal cell recipient?

Back 101

Type AB Cells

Front 102

With ABO groups, what is the universal plasma recipient?

Back 102

Type O Plasma

Front 103

Rh blood types?

Back 103

– Rh+
– Rh-

Front 104

Which Rh type have antigens on RBC's?

Back 104

Rh+

Front 105

Which Rh type lack antigens on RBC's?

Back 105

Rh-

Front 106

Most people have _____ blood type and _____ anti-Rh antibodies?

Back 106

– Rh+
– Lack

Front 107

Anti-Rh antibodies develop in _____ people after exposure to _____ during pregnancy?

Back 107

– Rh-
– Rh+

Front 108

Facility that collects and stores blood?

Back 108

Blood Bank

Front 109

Inherited deficiency in clotting?

Back 109

Hemophilia

Front 110

Yellowish discoloration of skin due to excessive production of bilirubin?

Back 110

Jaundice

Front 111

Abnormal increase in hematocrit (% RBC's)?

Back 111

Polycythemia

Front 112

Blood poisoning?

Back 112

Septicemia