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176 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Attaches muscles to bones?
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Tendons
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Stationary attachment?
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Origin
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Fleshy portion of muscle?
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Belly
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Main movements? (prime movers.)
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Action
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Action is reversed?
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Reverse Muscle Action
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Rigid structure (bone) that moves at fixed point?
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Lever
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Fixed point; joint
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Fulcrum
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Force (contraction) that causes movement?
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Effort (E)
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Force opposes movement?
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Load (L) or Resistance (R)
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Fascicles spread over broad area?
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Triangular
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Tendons extending nearly entire muscle length?
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Pennate
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One side?
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Unipennate
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Both sides?
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Bipennate
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Group of muscles with common functions?
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Compartment
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Relative to midline; oblique (diagonal), transverse (perpendicular), rectus (parallel)?
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Direction
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Maximus, minimus?
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Size
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Triangular, circular?
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Shape
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Flexor, extensor, supinator?
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Action
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Biceps, triceps, quadriceps?
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Number of Origins
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Which occipitofrontalis draws scalp back, raising eyebrows?
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Occipitalis
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What muscles move the mouth?
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– Orbicularis Oris
– Levator Labii Superiors – Buccinator – Mentalis – Platysma |
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Closes lips. "Kissing"?
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Obicularis Oris
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Elevates upper lip. "Elvis"?
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Levator Libii Superioris
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Cheek. "Trumpeters"?
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Buccinator
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Muscles that move orbit and eyebrows are?
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– Orbicularis Oculi.
– Corrugator Supercilii |
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Closes like "crows" feet?
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Orbicularis Oculi
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Frowning?
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Corrugator Supercilii
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The 7 extrinsic eye muscles are?
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– Superior Rectus
– Interior Rectus – Lateral Rectus – Medial Rectus – Superior Oblique – Inferior Oblique – Levator Palpebrae Superioris (LPS) |
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The medial rectus does what?
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Adducts
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Muscles of mastication innervation is?
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Trigeminal (V)
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Name the anterior neck muscles in deglutition (swallowing)?
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– Digastric
– Stylohyoid – Mylohyoid – Geniohyoid |
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Most suprahyoid muscles are named by?
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Origin and Insertion
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what suprahyoid muscles have anterior and posterior bellies?
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Digastric
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Anterior neck muscle?
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Scalenes
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What anterior neck muscle elevates ribs during deep inhalation?
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Scalenes
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Prevertebral Neck Muscles?
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–Longus Capitis
–Longus Colli |
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Where are the longus capitis and longus colli prevertebral neck muscles located?
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Anterior to the Vertebral Column
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The actions of the longus capitis and the longus colli is what?
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– Flexes Neck
– Limits Hyperextension |
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Lateral neck muscle?
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Divides neck into 2 major triangles; anterior and posterior?
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Sternocleidomastoid
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The sternocleidomastoid rotates head to opposite side?
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Unilaterally
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With whiplash injuries what may damage the trapezius?
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Hyperextension
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With whiplash injuries what may damage SCM and Scalenes?
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Hyperflexion
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What facilitates healing by increasing blood flow?
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Massage
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The platysma's origin is where?
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Facia over Deltoid and Pectoralis Major Muscles
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What lever class is most common?
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3rd – Class Lever (FER)
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A example of a circular arrangement?
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Orbicularis Oculi
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Causes main action?
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Prime Mover/Agonist
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Opposite side; stretches (relaxes)?
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Antagonist
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Assist the prime mover?
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Synergists
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Stabilizes the origin of prime mover?
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Fixators
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Give a example of a muscle that is named by the location of the muscle?
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Temporalis (temporal bone)
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Give a example of a muscle that is named by the location of origin and insertion?
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Sternocleidomastoid
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This wrinkles for head?
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Frontalis
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Innervation for the occipitofrontalis muscles?
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Facial Nerve
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Innervation for the muscles that move the mouth?
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Facial Nerve
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Chin " pouting"?
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Mentalis
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What neck muscle depresses (opens) mandible?
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Platysma
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The origin of the platysma?
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Deltoid And Pectoralis Major
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What are the extrinsic eye muscles?
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– Superior Rectus – elevates
– Inferior Rectus – depresses – Lateral Rectus – abducts – Medial Rectus – adducts – Superior Oblique – depresses/abducts (down and out) – Inferior Oblique – elevates/abducts (up and out) – Levitate Palpebrae Superioris (LPS) – elevates upper eyelid |
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Innervation for the extrinsic eye muscles?
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All Oculomotor Nerve except lateral rectus and superior oblique
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Innervation for the lateral rectus?
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Abducens Nerve
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Innervation for the superior oblique?
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Trochlear Nerve
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Stabilizes the origin of prime mover?
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Fixators
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Give an example of a muscle that is named for the location of the muscle?
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Temporalis (temporal bone)
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Give an example of a muscle that is named for its location of origin and insertion?
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Sternocleidomastoid
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What muscle wrinkles for head?
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Frontalis
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Innervation for the occipitofrontalis muscles?
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Facial Nerve
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Innervation for the muscles that move the mouth?
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Facial Nerve
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Chim "pouting"?
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Mentalis
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Neck; depresses (opens) mandible?
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Platysma
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Origin for the platysma?
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Deltoid and Pectoralis Major
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Extrinsic eye muscles?
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– Superior Rectus
– Inferior Rectus – Lateral Rectus – Medial Rectus – Superior Oblique – Inferior Oblique – Levator Palpebrae Superioris |
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Innervation for extrinsic eye muscles?
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All Oculomotor Nerve except Lateral Rectus and Superior Oblique
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The superior rectus has what action?
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Elevates
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The inferior rectus has what action?
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Depresses
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The superior oblique has what action?
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Depresses/abducts (down and out)
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The inferior oblique has what action?
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Elevates/Abducts (up and out)
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The levator palpebrae superioris has what action?
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Elevates Upper Eyelid
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The muscles of mastication, masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, all do what?
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– All Elevates except Lateral Pterygoid (depresses)
– All Protract except Temporalis (retracts) |
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The suprahyoid muscles, digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid do what?
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All Elevate Hyoid
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This anterior neck muscle elevates ribs during inhalation and flex neck and head?
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Scalenes
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This muscle is one of the largest and most important neck muscles, and flexes neck/head bilaterally?
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Innervation for the sternocleidomastoid?
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Accessory Nerve
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How many individual muscles are there in the body approximately
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700
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Attachment to the movable bone
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Insertion
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3 types of levers ?
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First Class
Second Class Third Class |
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First class lever
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*Fulcrum in middle
* seesaw or scissors |
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second class lever
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* load is in the middle
* wheelbarrow * mechanical advantage |
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Third class lever
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* effort is in the middle
* tweezers or tongs * most numerous type in body |
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Types of muscle arrangements
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* parallel
* fusiform * circular * triangular * pennate |
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Agonist
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* prime mover
* contracts to cause action |
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Antagonist
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* stretches, yields to the prime mover
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Synergists
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* muscles working together
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Fixators
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* muscles that act to steady the origin of the prime mover.
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Rectus
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parallel to the midline
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transverse
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perpendicular to the midline
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oblique
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diagonal to the midline
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maximus
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largest
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minimus
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smallest
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longus
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long
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brevis
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short
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latissimus
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widest
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magnus
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large
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major
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larger
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minor
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smaller
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vastus
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huge
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deltoid
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triangle
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trapezius
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trapazoid
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serrattus
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saw shaped
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rhomboid
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diamond shaped
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orbicularis
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circular
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pectinate
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comblike
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piriformis
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pear shaped
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platys
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flat
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quadratus
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square, four sided
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gracilis
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slender
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flexor
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decreases joint angle
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extensor
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increases joint angle
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abductor
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moves bone away from midline
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addductor
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moves move towards midline
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levator
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raises bone
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depressor
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lowers or depresses a body part
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supinator
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turns palm anteriorly
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pronator
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turns palm posterior
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sphincter
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decreases the size of an opening
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tensor
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makes a body part rigid
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rotator
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rotates a bone around its longitudinal axis
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Muscles of facial expression
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* Occipitofrontalis (frontalis & occipitalis)
* Orbicularis oris * zygomatic major * zygomatic minor * nasalis * levator labil superioris * levator labil inferioris * dperessor anguli * levator anguli oris * buccinator * risorius * mentalis * platysma * orbicularis oculi * corrugator supercilli |
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frontalis
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O: epicranial aponeurosis
I: skin superior to the suborbital margin A: raises eyebrows R : draws scalp anteriorly N: cranial nerve VII |
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occipitalis
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O: occipital bone
I: epicranial apneurosis A: draws scalp posterior N: cranial VII |
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Orbicularis oris
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O: muscle fibers surrounding the opening of mouth
I: skin a corner of mouth A: closes and protrudes the lips N: cranial VII |
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zygomatic major
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O: zygomatic bone
I: skin at angle of mouth A: draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally N: Cranial VII |
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zygomatic minor
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O: zygomatic bone
I: upper lip A: exposes teeth N: cranial VII |
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nasalis
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O: maxilla
I: skin over cartliage portion of the nose A: dilates external nares N: cranial nerve VII |
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levator labil superioris
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O: maxilla
I: skin at angle of the mouth and orbicularis oris A: elevates upper lip N: cranial nerve VII |
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Depressor labil inferioris
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O: mandible
I: skin of lower lip A: depresses lower lip N Cranial VII |
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depressor anguli
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O: mandible
I: angle of mouth A: draws angle of mouth laterally and inferiorly N: cranial VII |
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levator anguli oris
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O: inferior in the infraorbital foramen
I: sin of the lower lip and orbicularis oris A: draws angle of mouth laterally and superiorly N: cranial VII |
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buccinator
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O: alveolar process of the maxilla and mandible
I: orbicularis oris A: presses cheeks again teeth, and keeps food in between teeth. N: cranial VII |
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risorius
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O: fascia over parptoid gland
I: skin at angle of mouth A: draws angle of mouth laterally as in grimicing N cranial VII |
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mentalis
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O: mandible near midline
I: skin of interor chin A: elevates and protrudes lower lip and pulls skin of chin up N: cranial VII |
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platysma
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O: facia over deltoid and pectoralis major
I: mandible, muscles around angle of mouth and skin of lower face A: draws outer part of lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting N: cranial VII |
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orbicularis oculi
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O: medial wall of the orbit
I: cicular path around orbit A: closes the eye N: Cranial VII |
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corrugator supercilli
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O: medial end of supoercillary arch of the frontal bone
I: skin of eyebrows A: draw eyebrows inferiorly and medially and wrinkles the skin of the forehead vertically N: cranial VII |
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muscles of mastication
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temporalis
masseter medial pterygold lateral pterygold |
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temporalis
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O: temporal bone
I: coronoid process and ramus of mandible A: elevates and retracts the mandible N: Cranial V (trigeminal) |
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masseter
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O: maxilla and zygomatic arch
I: angle of the ramus od mandible A: elevates mandible N: Cranial V (trigeminal) |
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medial pterygold
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O: medial surface of the lateral portion of pterygold process
I: angle of ramus of mandible A: elevates and protracts(protrudes) mandible and moves mandible from side to side. N: cranial V (trigeminal) |
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lateral pterygold
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O: sphenoid bone
I: condyle of the mandible TMJ A depresses mandible and moves mandible from side to side. N: cranial V (trigeminal) |
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Muscles the move the eyeball
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superior rectus
inferior rectus lateral rectus medial rectus superior onlique inferior onlique lavator palpebrae |
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superior rectus
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O: common tendinous ring
I: superior central eyeball A: moves eye superiorly N: oculomotor nerver III |
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inferior rectus
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O: common tendinous ring
I: inferior and central part of the eyeball A: moves eyeball inferiorly N: oculomotor (III) nerve |
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lateral rectus
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O: common tendinous ring
I: lateral side of the eyeball A: moves eyebal laterally (abduction) N: Adbucens (VI) nerve |
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medial rectus
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O: common tendinous ring
I: medial side of eyeball A: moves eyeball medially N: oculomotor (III) |
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superior oblique
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O: sphenoid bone
I: eyeball between superior and lateral recti A: moves eyeball inferiorly and laterally N Trochlear (IV) |
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inferior onlique
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O: maxialla in floor of orbit
I: eyeball between inferior and lateral recti A: moves eyeball superiorly and laterally N: Oculomotor (III) |
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lavator palpebrae
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O: roof of orbit
I: skin and tarsal plate of upper eyelid A: elevate upper eyelid N: oculomotor (III) |
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Suprahyoid muscles
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digastric
stylohyoid mylohyoid geniohyoid |
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infrahyoid muscles
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omohyoid
sternohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid |
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digastric
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O: mandible/temporal bone
I: hyloid A: elvates hyoid R: depresses mandible N: trigeminal / facial nerve |
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stylohyoid
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O: styloid process of the temporal bone
I: hyoid bone A: elevate hyoid and draws it posteriorly N: facial nerve VII |
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mylohyoid
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O: mandible
I: hyoid bone A: elevates hyoid bone R: dresses mandible N: trigeminal nerve |
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geniohyoid
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O: mandible
I: hyoid A: elevates hyoid R: depresses mandible N: C1 |
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omohyoid
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O: superior border of scapula and superior transverse ligament
I: hyoid A: depresses hyoid |
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sternohyoid
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O: medial end of the clavicle and manubrium of sternum
I: hyoid A: depresses hyoid |
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sternothyroid
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O: manubrium of sternum
I: thyroid cartilage of larynx A: depresses thyroid cartliage |
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thyrohyoid
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O: thyroid cartiliage of larynx
I: hyoid A: depresses hyoid R: elevates thyroid cartilage |
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muscles of anterior neck for ekvating ribs or flexing neck and head
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anterior scalene
middle scalene posterior scalene longus capitas longus colli rectus capitas anterior rectus capitas laterallis |
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anterior scalene
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O: transverse processes of c3-c6
I: first rib A elevate rib in deep inhalation R: flex cervical vertibrae, slightly rotate N: cerivical spinal nerves. |
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middle scalene
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O: transverse processes of c2-c7
I: first rib A: Elevate first rib N: cervical spinal nerves. |
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posterior scalene
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O: transverse processes of c4-c6
I: second rib A: Elevate second rib during deep inhalation N: Cervical spinal nerves |
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longus capitas
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O: Transverse process c3-c6
I: base of the occiput A: Flexes neck and prevents hyperextension, rotates head to same side. N: cervicle spinal nerves. |
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longus colli
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O: anterior vertebral surfaces of c3-t3
I: transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae A: Flexes neck limits hyperextension, rotates neck N: cervical spinal nerves |
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rectus capitas anterior
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O: lateral surface of C1
I: base of occipital bone A: flexion of the AO joint, acting sigular lateral AO flexion N: C1 |
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rectus capitas laterallis
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O: Transverse process of C1
I: base of occipital bone A: acting together , flexion at AO actiing singular flexion AO joint N: C1 |
