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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Integumentary System consist of:
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-Skin (Cutaneous membrane)
-Blood Vessels -Nerves -Accessory structures (hair, nails, & skin glands) |
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Body surface assessments are done by evaluating changes in the the 4-T's. What are they and what could they be a sign of?
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-Texture
-Tone -Temperature -Tenderness Signs of infection |
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Cutaneous Membrane consist of 2 layers. What are they?
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-Epithelial Layer
*Epidermis & Dermis -Hypodermis *Subcutaneous/fatty layer |
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______________ is composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium consisting of four cell types.
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-Epidermis
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What are the four cell types found in the epidermis?
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-Keratinocytes
-Melanocytes -Langerhans Cells -Merkel Discs |
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Main cell type in the epidermis:
Contains keratin: protein what waterproofs skin |
-Keratinocytes
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Cell that produces melanin: pigment that absorbs damaging UV radiation & contributes to skin color
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-Melanocytes
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Immune cells of the epidermis:
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-Langerhans Cells
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Sensory touch receptors; deep in epidermis
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-Merkel Discs
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What are the 5 layers (strata) of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial?
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-Stratum Basale
-Stratum Spinosum -Stratum Granulosum -Stratum Lucidum (only thick skin - no hair) Stratum Corneum |
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Which layer of the epidermis has the best blood supply and requires a skin graft if destroyed?
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-Stratum Basale
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Contains stem cells; undergo mitosis producing new keratinocytes
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-Stratum Basale
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Newly formed cells pushed to surface about every four weeks is called__________?
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-Keratinization
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This cell is also know as stratum germinativum (to produce): germ cell layer; forms new cells
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-Stratum Basale
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Melanocytes & Merkel discs are located in which layer of the epidermis?
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-Stratum Basale
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-Has 8-10 rows of keratinocytes with thorn-like spines
-Superficial to Stratum Basale |
-Stratum Spinosum
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-Has 3-5 rows of keratinocytes
-Superficial to Stratum Spinosum |
-Stratum Granulosum
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-Only in thick skin, fingertips, palms & soles
-3-5 rows of dead keratinocytes -Superficial to Stratum Granulosum |
-Stratum Lucidum
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-25-30 Rows of squamous dead keratinocytes
-Cells continuously replaced & shed -Callus found on this layer |
-Stratum Corneum
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The deeper connective tissue portion of skin and consist of _________ _______, _______, _______ and _______ _______.
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-Blood Vessels
-Nerves -Glands -Hair Follicles |
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What are the two regions of the dermis?
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-Papillary
-Reticular |
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Th superficial portion of the dermis (about 1/5); consists of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers; contains dermal papillae that house capillaries, corpuscles of touch and free nerve endings.
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-Papillary
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The deepr portion of the dermis (about 4/5) consists of dense irregular connective tissue with bundles of collagen and some coarse elastic fibers. Spaces between fibers contain some adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands & sudoriferous glands.
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-Recticular
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Name the 3 pigments that contribute to skin's color.
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-Melanin
-Hemoglobin -Carotene |
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-Oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells
-Increased blood flow causes _________ (______) skin color. -Decreased blood flow cause _________ (_____) skin color. |
-Hemoglobin
-Reddish (erythema) -Bluish (cyanotic) |
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-Yellow-orange pigment
-forms Vitamin A; vision |
-Carotene
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-Melanocytes produce ________.
-Skin color varies; pale yellow>red>tan>black -Inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin |
-Melanin
-Albinism |
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The # of melanocytes is the same in all people.
True or false? |
True
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Wounds that are abrasions & minor burns that do not bleed only involve the _________.
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-Epidermis
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________ ________ cells break contact with basement membrane & start migrating towards one another.
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-Stratum basale
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When cells stop migrating from opposite sides once they encounter one another it is known as:
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-Contact inhibition
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When a wound extends beyond the epidermis it is known as a _______ ______.
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-Deep wound
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What are the four phases of deep wound healing?
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-Inflammatory
-Migratory -Proliferative -Maturation |
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When a blood clot forms & vasodilation occurs; enhances delivery of phagocytic cells, it is what phase of deep wound healing?
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-Inflammatory
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When a clot forms scab & fibroblast begin synthesizing scar (granulation) tissue, this is what phase of deep wound healing?
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-Migratory
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Extensive deposition by fibroblasts is known as______.
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-Proliferative
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When the scab sloughs off and epidermis is restored, it is known as _________.
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-Maturation
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Scar tissue formation is known as ________.
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-Fibrosis
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______ _______ contains more densely arranged collagen fibers, fewer blood vessels, hairs, skin, glands, sensory recptors & melanocytes.
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-Scar tissue
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____________ scar: remains within boundaries of original wound.
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-Hypertrophic
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________ scar: extends beyond boundaries of original would.
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-Keloid
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Three common forms of skin cancer:
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-Basal cell carcinoma
-Squamous cell carcinoma -Malgnant Melanoma |
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-Most common type of skin cancer; rarely metastasize & usually harmless
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-Basal cell carcinoma
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-Type of skin cancer where most develop from existing damaged tissue (lips & ears)
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-Squamous cell carcinoma
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-Rarest & most deadly type of skin cancer, arise from melanocytes & metastasize rapidly.
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-Malignant Melanoma
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Risk factors for skin cancer:
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-Skin type
-Excessive exposure to UV radiation (natural or artificial) -Family history -Age -Immunological status |
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Aging Effects:
-Usually not apparent until ____ ______. -Elastic fibers ______ __________; wrinkling -_____________ cells decrease; reduces skin's immune responsiveness -Decreased size & number of ___________ glands; dry & cracking skin -Decreased _______ production: heat stroke -Decreased #s of functional ____________ resulting in gray hair; some enlarge cause age (liver) spots. ______ & _______ growth decreases |
-Late forties
-Lose elasticity -Langerhans -Sebaceous (oil) -Sweat -Melanocyts -Hair & nail |
