Kuehn: Branchial Arches

Front 1

What is developed at the 23rd day after fertilization?

Back 1

heart is beating, mesoderm is now somites and somitomeres, brain and head are developing

Front 2

Describe circulation in fish:

Back 2

heart pumps low O2 to gills, oxygenated blood f/gills to aorta to body, arteries give O2 to body and return low O2 blood to heart

ALL BLOOD HAS TO FLOW THROUGH GILL ARCHES

Front 3

Embryo circulation (5 week embryo):

Back 3

1. Blood f/v to heart, pumped to aortic sac
2. Blood pumps up aortic arches 3, 4, 6
3. Blood anteriorly and posteriorly to right and left aortic arches of head
4. Blood from dorsal aortae of head fuse to travel down a single aorta of the body and to venous system

Front 4

How does the gut tube move during early neural development?

Back 4

pulled anteriorly with oral plate

Front 5

What happens when gut tube pulls forward?

Back 5

It pulls into a tube, which elongates

Front 6

Where is the embryonic pharynx?

Back 6

The part of the elongated tube (from oral plate pulling anteriorly) that is closest to the oral plate

Front 7

Where is the septum transversum in relation to the gut tube being pulled anteriorly by the oral plate?

Back 7

Adjacent

Front 8

What does the gut tube expand to form?

Back 8

pharynx, esophagus, stomach, midgut

Front 9

What is the anteriormost region of the gut tube?

Back 9

Pharynx

Front 10

What do the arches begin development next to?

Back 10

On either side of the pharynx

Front 11

Which pharyngeal arch develops first?

Back 11

The 1st pharyngeal arch

Front 12

Which pharyngeal arch develops second?

Back 12

The 2nd pharyngeal arch

Front 13

What does the 1st pharygeal arch first divide into?

Back 13

Maxillary division and mandibular division

Front 14

What does the 1st pharyngeal arch bend around?

Back 14

The oral plate to divide into the maxillary and mandibular division

Front 15

Where does the 2nd pharyngeal arch develop?

Back 15

Behind the 1st pharyngeal arch

Front 16

Where does the 3rd pharyngeal arch develop?

Back 16

Behind the 2nd pharyngeal arch

Front 17

Is the cranial neuropore open or closed during the development of arches 1 and 2?

Back 17

Open

Front 18

Is the cranial neuropore open or closed during the development of arch 3?

Back 18

Closed

Front 19

Where is Rathke's pouch?

Back 19

Midline of maxillary division of PA I

Front 20

What is the stomodaeum?

Back 20

mouth, b/w maxillary and mandibular division of PA I

Front 21

Where is the anterior 2/3 of tongue formed?

Back 21

PA I, mandibular division

Front 22

How is the "mouth" created?

Back 22

stomadeum is a pit created when it is surrounded by PA I and eventually splits open when the embryo gets large enough

Front 23

Is there are PA V?

Back 23

No

Front 24

What structures are found w/in the pharyngeal arches?

Back 24

1. Aortic arch
2. Cranial nerve
3. PA mesoderm (muscle)
4. NC mesoderm (cartilage)
5. Pharyngeal pouch- endodermal side
6. Pharyngeal groove- ectodermal side

Front 25

What does the neural crest contribute to?

Back 25

Cartilage and bone of the head

Front 26

What does AA 1 become?

Back 26

It degenerates

Front 27

What does AA2 become?

Back 27

It degenerates

Front 28

What does AA3 become?

Back 28

Carotid arteries

Front 29

What does AA4 become?

Back 29

Left-arch of the aorta
Right subclavian V.

Front 30

What does AA5 become?

Back 30

Trick question!
No AA5 bc no PA5

Front 31

What does AA6 become?

Back 31

Pulmonary AA

Front 32

What cranial nerve is derived from PA I-maxillary?

Back 32

Maxillary division of the trigeminal n.

Front 33

What cranial nerve is derived from PA1-mandibular?

Back 33

Mandibular division of trigeminal n.

Front 34

What cranial n. is derived from PA2?

Back 34

Facial n.

Front 35

What cranial n. is derived from PA3?

Back 35

Glossopharyngeal n.

Front 36

What cranial n. is derived from PA4/6?

Back 36

Vagus n.

Front 37

What muscles are derived from PA1?

Back 37

Muscles of mastication

Front 38

What muscles are derived from PA2?

Back 38

Muscles of facial expression

Front 39

What muscle is derived from PA3?

Back 39

Stylopharyngeus m.

Front 40

What muscles are derived from PA4?

Back 40

Cricothyroid, muscles of pharynx

Front 41

What muscles are derived from PA6?

Back 41

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Front 42

What bones develop from the pharyngeal arches?

Back 42

facial bones, bones and cartilage of visceral part of neck
Upper and lower jaw bones

Front 43

What type of bone are upper and lower jaw bones?

Back 43

Membranous bone

Front 44

Where does the cartilage of the larynx and thyroid come from?

Back 44

PA 4

Front 45

Where does the cartilage of the cricoid come from?

Back 45

PA 6

Front 46

What does the proximal part of Meckel's cartilage become?

Back 46

Malleus and incus by endochondral ossification

Front 47

What does the middle portion of Meckel's cartilage become?

Back 47

Sphenomandibular ligament

Front 48

What does the distal part of Meckel's cartilage do?

Back 48

induces the Lower jaw ossification by intramembranous ossification around the cartilage

Front 49

What does Reichert's cartilage form?

Back 49

stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, part of hyoid bone (lesser cornu)

Front 50

How is the hyoid bone formed?

Back 50

Lesser cornu from Reichert's cartilage
Rest from PA3 cartilage

Front 51

What does the cartilage from pharyngeal arches 4 and 6 become?

Back 51

Cartilage of larynx (thyroid and cricoid, etc)

Front 52

What develops from pharyngeal pouch 1?

Back 52

middle ear and auditory tube

Front 53

What develops from PP 2?

Back 53

Palatine tonsils

Front 54

What develops from PP3?

Back 54

Parathyroid, thymus

Front 55

What develops from PP 4/5?

Back 55

Parathyroid, C-cells of thyroid

Front 56

What develops from pharyngeal groove 1?

Back 56

EAM

Front 57

What happens behind PA 2?

Back 57

PG fuse into cervical sinus that usually disappears

Front 58

What happens if the cervical sinus, formed from what, doesn't disappear? Name it

Back 58

Formed from fusing of pharyngeal grooves behind PA2

Forms a cyst if it doesn't disappear called
BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST

Front 59

What do somites produce?

Back 59

bone, muscle, dermis

Front 60

What do somitomeres produce?

Back 60

muscle, NO BONE

Front 61

What comes from the embryonic brainstem?

Back 61

Cranial nerves

Front 62

What is a rhombomere?

Back 62

segmentation of the cranial brainstem

Front 63

Where do the ganglia of cranial nerves come from?

Back 63

Neural crest and ectodermal placodes

Front 64

How many division are there in the embryonic heart?

Back 64

2- 1 atrium, 1 ventricle

Front 65

What day does the embryonic heart start beating?

Back 65

22

Front 66

Is there ever a 5th pharyngeal arch in humans?

Back 66

No

Front 67

Is an external 6th arch formed?

Back 67

No

Front 68

Is an external 4th arch formed?

Back 68

Yes

Front 69

Is Rathke's pouch from endoderm or ectoderm?

Back 69

ectoderm

Front 70

What does Rathke's pouch form?

Back 70

Anterior pituitary

Front 71

What does the foramen cecum form? Which arch is it associated with?

Back 71

Forms the thyroid gland. Associated with arch 2

Front 72

Which arch are the anterior 2/3 of tongue associated with?

Back 72

Mandibular of 1

Front 73

Where does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue originate from?

Back 73

PA 3 (as does the glossopharyngeal which originates from there)

Front 74

What is the pharyngeal pouch?

Back 74

space between arches on inside

Front 75

What is the pharyngeal groove?

Back 75

space between arches on outside

Front 76

What are the contents of each pharyngeal arch?

Back 76

1. aortic arch
2. cranial n
3. NC mesoderm (migrates from neural crest f/head area)
4. PA mesoderm (forms muscles- somitomeres)
5. Have pharyngeal arch and groove on ends

Front 77

Does arch 4 become the entire aorta?

Back 77

No, just a small piece

Front 78

What happens to the left side of the aortic arch 6? the right?

Back 78

It becomes ductus arteriousus; it become the pulmonary artery on the right