Kozier Chapter 31 Asepsis

Front 1

Active immunity

Back 1

a resistance of the body to infection in which the host produces its own antibodies in response to natural or artificial antigens

Front 2

Acute infection

Back 2

those that generally appear suddenly or last a short time

Front 3

Airborne precautions

Back 3

methods used to reduce exposure to infectious agents transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns

Front 4

Airborne transmission

Back 4

infectious agent transmitted by droplets or dust

Front 5

Antibodies

Back 5

immunoglobulins, part of the body's plasma proteins, defend primarily against the extracellular phases of bacterial and viral infections

Front 6

Antigen

Back 6

a substance capable of inducing the formation of antibodies

Front 7

Antiseptics

Back 7

agents that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms; limits growth and transportation

Front 8

Asepsis

Back 8

freedom from infection or infectious material

Front 9

Autoantigen

Back 9

an antigen that originates in a person's own body

Front 10

Bacteremia

Back 10

bacteria in the blood

Front 11

Bacteria

Back 11

the most common infection-causing microorganisms

Front 12

Bacteriocins

Back 12

substances produced by some normal flora (e.g., enterobacteria), that can be lethal to related strains of bacteria

Front 13

Bloodborne pathogens

Back 13

those microorganisms carried in blood and body fluids that are capable of infecting other persons with serious and difficult to treat viral infections, namely hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV

Front 14

Body substance isolation

Back 14

generic infection control precautions for all clients except those with diseases transmitted through the air

Front 15

Carrier

Back 15

a person or animal that harbors a specific infectious agent and serves as a potential source of infection, yet does not manifest any clinical signs of disease

Front 16

Cellular immunity

Back 16

also known as cell-mediated defenses, occur through the T-cell system

Front 17

Chemotaxis

Back 17

the action by which leukocytes are attracted to injured cells

Front 18

Chronic infection

Back 18

infection that occurs slowly, over a very long period, and may last months or years

Front 19

Cicatrix

Back 19

scar

Front 20

Clean

Back 20

free of potentially infectious agents

Front 21

Colonization

Back 21

the presence of organisms in body secretions or excretions in which strains of bacteria become resident flora but do not cause illness

Front 22

Communicable disease

Back 22

a disease that can spread from one person to another

Front 23

Compromised host

Back 23

any person at increased risk for an infection

Front 24

Contact precautions

Back 24

methods used to reduce exposure to infectious agents easily transmitted by direct client contact or by contact with items in the client's environment

Front 25

Cultures

Back 25

laboratory cultivations of microorganisms in a special growth medium

Front 26

Diapedesis

Back 26

the movement of blood corpuscles through a blood vessel wall

Front 27

Dirty

Back 27

denotes the likely presence of microorganisms, some of which may be capable of causing infection

Front 28

Disease

Back 28

an alteration in body function resulting in a reduction of capacities or shortening of the normal life span

Front 29

Disinfectants

Back 29

agents that destroy pathogens other than spores

Front 30

Droplet nuclei

Back 30

residue of evaporated droplets that remains in the air for long periods of time

Front 31

Droplet precautions

Back 31

methods used to reduce exposure to infectious agents transmitted by particle droplets larger than 5 microns

Front 32

Emigration

Back 32

process in which leukocytes move through the blood vessel wall into the affected tissue spaces

Front 33

Endogenous

Back 33

developing from within

Front 34

Exogenous

Back 34

developing from without

Front 35

Exudate

Back 35

material, such as fluid and cells, that has escaped from blood vessels during the inflammatory process and is deposited in tissue or on tissue surfaces

Front 36

Fibrinogen

Back 36

a plasma protein that is converted to fibrin when it is released into the tissues and, together with thromboplastin and platelets, forms an interlacing network making a barrier to wall off an area

Front 37

Fibrous (scar) tissue

Back 37

connective tissue repair of wounds with tissue that can proliferate under conditions of ischemia and altered pH

Front 38

Fungi

Back 38

infection-causing microorganisms that include yeasts and molds

Front 39

Granulation tissue

Back 39

young connective tissue with new capillaries formed in the wound healing process

Front 40

Humoral immunity

Back 40

antibody-mediated defense; resides ultimately in the B lymphocytes and is mediated by the antibodies produced by B cells

Front 41

Hyperemia

Back 41

increased blood flow to an area

Front 42

Iatrogenic infections

Back 42

infections that are the direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures

Front 43

Immunity

Back 43

a specific resistance of the body to infection; it may be natural, or resistance developed after exposure to a disease agent

Front 44

Infection

Back 44

the disease process produced by microorganisms

Front 45

Inflammation

Back 45

local and nonspecific defensive tissue response to injury or destruction of cells

Front 46

Isolation

Back 46

practices that prevent the spread of infection and communicable disease

Front 47

Leukocytes

Back 47

white blood cells

Front 48

Leukocytosis

Back 48

an increase in the number of white blood cells

Front 49

Local infection

Back 49

an infection that is limited to the specific part of the body where the microorganisms remain; S&S redness, swelling, pain, heat, exudate, loss of body function

Front 50

Macrophages

Back 50

large phagocytes

Front 51

Margination

Back 51

the aggregating or lining up of substances along a surface or edge (eg, the lining up of white blood cells against the wall of a blood vessel during the inflammatory process)

Front 52

Medical asepsis

Back 52

all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and spread of microorganisms

Front 53

Nonspecific defenses

Back 53

bodily defenses that protect a person against all microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure

Front 54

Nosocomial infections

Back 54

infections associated with the delivery of health care services in a health care facility

Front 55

Occupational exposure

Back 55

skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employee's duties

Front 56

Opportunistic pathogen

Back 56

a microorganism causing disease only in a susceptible individual

Front 57

Passive immunity

Back 57

a resistance of the body to infection in which the host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by another source

Front 58

Pathogenicity

Back 58

the ability to produce disease; a pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease

Front 59

Phagocytes

Back 59

cells that ingest microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles

Front 60

Regeneration

Back 60

renewal, regrowth, the replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical or similar in structure and function

Front 61

Reservoir

Back 61

a source of microorganisms

Front 62

Resident flora

Back 62

microorganisms that normally reside on the skin, mucous membranes, and inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts

Front 63

Sepsis

Back 63

the presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the blood or body tissues

Front 64

Septicemia

Back 64

occurs when bacteremia results in systemic infection

Front 65

Specific (immune) defenses

Back 65

immune functions directed against identifiable bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other infectious agents

Front 66

Sterile field

Back 66

a specified area that is considered free from microorganisms

Front 67

Sterile technique/Surgical asepsis

Back 67

practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms; destroys pathogens and spores; S&S- fever, chills, increased pulse and resp. low energy, anorexia, high wbc count (virus has low wbc count)

Front 68

Sterilization

Back 68

a process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses

Front 69

Systemic infection

Back 69

when pathogens spread and damage different parts of the body

Front 70

Universal precautions (UP)

Back 70

techniques to be used with all clients to decrease the risk of transmitting unidentified pathogens; currently, Standard Precautions incorporate UP and BSI

Front 71

Vector-borne transmission

Back 71

a vector is an animal or flying or crawling insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent

Front 72

Vehicle-borne transmission

Back 72

a vehicle is any substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport and introduce an infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry

Front 73

Virulence

Back 73

ability to produce disease

Front 74

Viruses

Back 74

nucleic acid-based infectious agents