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54 Cards in this Set
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- Back
What is sleep hygiene
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what you do before you go to bed ;interventions to promote sleep; mostly non-pharmacologic; includes bedtime rituals, restful environment, promotion of confort, relaxation and use of hyponotic meds
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What is the sleep pattern of infants
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Sleep 14-15 hours per day; wake every 3-4 hours; wakefulness increases with age; 50% of sleep in in stage 4 and 50% in light sleep
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neurotranittors affecting wake/ sleep cycle
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seratonin - lessons respons to sensory stimulation; melatonin - secreated by pinal gland at darkenss, causes the decrease in RAS stimulation; Cortisol is inhibited during sleep; Wakefulness associate with higher levels of Acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline
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What do seditive-hypnotic meds do to enhance sleep and what effects on sleep do they have
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depresses the CNS; Unnatrual sleep; Daytime drowsiness and morning hangover may occur; Possible insomnia rebound when discontinued; REM or Nrem sleep is altered; New meds (ambien) do not alter REM or NREM
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How can taking anti-anxiety meds enhance sleep
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by decreasing arousal by facilitating the action of the neurons in the CNSthat suppresses resonce to stimuli. Cannot be used during pregnacy
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Parasonmia's
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Par = during Somnia = sleep Behaviors that interfere with sleep or occur during sleep
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Unsufficent sleep causes what
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Mistakes to be made, daytime sleepiness and fatigue; Staying awake 19 hours will make same affects a s Blood alcohol level of .05
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What causes narcolepsy
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Cause is lack of hypocretin in the CNS.
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What is narcolepsy
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A sleep disorder caused by lack of hypocretin in the CNS. Clients have sudden sleep attacks. Nightime sleep begins with REM;
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Hypersomnia
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Person get enough sleep during the night but cannot stay awake during the day. Can be caused by a medical condition;(EX: ENS damage, metabolic disorder, hyperthyroidism) rarely caused by psycholoigical diorder
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what disorders can cause excessive daytime sleepiness
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hypersomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea and insuffienct sleep
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What is insomnia
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the inablity to fall asleep or remain asleep. Ther person awakes feeling not rested it is the most common complaint Acute = 1 to several nights; Chronic = More than a month
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What is the sleep schedule of an elderly person
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Waken 1.3 hours eariler each day and go to bed 1 hours earlier each day. increases in sleep disturbances; Quality of sleep decreases; The ablility to go to sleep decreases. Short nap may be restorative;
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What is Sundowners syndrome
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A syndrome of dementia clients that experience a patterns of symptoms in the late afternoon of aggression, anxiety, agitation, delutions
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What factors can interrupt your sleep
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Illness; environment; lifestyle (activity) emotional stress; stimulant and alcohol, diet, motavation, medications
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What is the usual adolescent sleep schedule
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9-10 hours per day; Boys begin nocturnal emission; Circadum rhythem shifts so it is normal for then to sleep in and stay up late
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What is the usual school aged childs sleep schedule
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10-11 hours per day; TV, computers and social activites may decrease the amount of sleep. A regular constant schedule and bedtime routine will help
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How much sleep should and adult get per night
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7-10 but it varies (6-10); People will say they dont need that much sleep, but actullay the body needs it. It must gets use to the amount given (routine)
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What is the usual sleep pattern of a pre-schooler
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11-13 hours per day;; Sleep fluctuates with growth pattern and activites; may dislike bedtime; may become irratable if requirements are not met; Maintain a regular constant bedtime
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What is the usual sleep pattern of a toddler (age 2-3)
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12-14 hours per day; needs afternoon naps; may exhibit resistance to going to bed; may waken with nighmares or night fears (afraid of the dark)
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What is the usual sleep pattern of newborns
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16-18 hours per day; the enter REM right away; 50% of their sleep is in REM
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What are the functions of sleep
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A physio and pysco restorative time; A time to conserve energy; Time for dreaming; Nescessary for protein synthesis - allows for repairs; Restores balcne and normal activity levels of the nervous system; Plays a role in pschological well being
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What will inadequate sleep cause
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poor concetration, irritabiltiy, trouble with desision makeing
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describe the normal sleep cycle
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1 cycle will last 90-110 minutes; a person goes through 4-6 cycles per night 1 cycle = NREM 1-2-3-4-3-2-REM
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if you wake up from sleeping what cycle of sleep will you restart in
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you will beging again in stage 1 NREM
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What are the deepest stages of sleep
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NREM 3 and 4; essential for restoring engergy and releasing hormones
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What physical changes happen in deep sleep stages
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(deep sleep stages = 3 & 4 NREM) the HR,RR decrease; sketeton muscles relaxed refexes are diminished; snoring occures; saliva and swallowing are reduced; deep sleep brain waves
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describe the stage 2 NREM sleep
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a period of light sleep. the body processes continue to slow down, the eyes are generally still; HR and RR fall; body temp falls; harder to awaken than stage 1
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Describe Stage 1 NREM sleep
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a period of light sleep that last only minutes; The person feels drowsy and relaxed. The sleeper can readily be awakend and may deny they were sleeping
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What are the characteristics of REM sleep
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Brain waves are highl active; Brain metabolism increases by 20%; GI secretions increase; HR and R are irregular; EEG activity resembles wakefullness; Distinct Eye movement; Learning, thinking and organizing part of the brain are stimulated; Acetycholine and dopamine are increased; You have detailed dreams
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Loss of NREM sleep can cause what
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Physiologic disturbances; Immunosupression; slow tissue repair; Lower pain tolerance; Profound fatigue; Increased infections
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Loss of REM sleep can cause what
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psychological distrubances such as apathy, depression, irritability, confussion, disorientation, hallucination, imparied memory, parania
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Chronic sleep loss increase risk of what disease process
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hypertension, diabetes, obestiy, depression, heart attacks strokes
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Characteristics of NREM
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Occurs when activity ofRAS is inhibited; 75-80% of your sleep is spent here; Has 4 stages; Pulse,B/P, Cardiac outpu all decrease, sketetal muscles relax, BMR decreases; Growth hormones increase; Intracranial pressure decreases
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What is the definition of sleep
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an altered stae of consciousness in which a persons perception and reaction to the enviroment is decreased
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What are the characteristics of sleep
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mimimal physical activity; variable levels of consciousness; changing in the bodys physio proceses; Decreased response to external stimuli; Selective response to outside stimuli; Decrease perception of things around you
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What is the definition of resting
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You are very aware but you are slowed down
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Explain the effect of the 24 hour sleep-wake cycle in biological function
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the cycle is controlled from within the body and sychronized with the enviromnetal factors such as light and darkness; Body temp, B/P, and other physio function follow the cycle
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What is sleep apnea
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Frequesnt short breathing pauses (>10 seconds) during sleep, may include loud snoring, frequent awakening; morning headackes, irratabilty. Can cause rise in B/P and cardiac arrest or arythmias there are 3 types: Obstructive, Central and Mixed
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What are sleep terrors
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It looks like the person is awake but they are in deep sleep and are active; the person does not recall the actions
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What is bruxism and what stage of sleep does it occur
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Clenching or grinding teeth; occurs in stage 2 of Nrem sleep; can lead to deteration of the TMJ joint causeing TMJ syndrome
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What is Enuresis
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bed wetting that occurs 2-3 hours after going to bed; occurs during deep sleep (3-4)
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What is PLM and RLS
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PLM - periodic limb movement; Legs jerk 2-3 times per minute during sleep; Most common in elders; RLS occrs during rest (before sleep)
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What is sleep talking and when does it occur
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occurs during NREM sleep before REM, rarely a problem for the person but can be for others
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What is sommonbulism
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Sleep walking; Occurs in stage 3 a nd 4 NREM. usually occurs 1-2 hours after falling asleep; sleep walkers tend to not notice dangers a nd meed to be protected Somma(sleep) ambul(move)ism(syndrome)
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What is sleep
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an active inhibitory process; a complex biological process that enhances daytime functioning; a basic human need required in order to cope with stresses; vital for optimual psyco and physio functioning; needed for healing of damaged tissue
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What should a nurse use to assess a clients sleep patterns
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Sleep hx, Health hx Physical exam Sleep diary Diagnostic studies
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What is somnology
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the study of sleep
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what is Polysommography
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Several test that are perfomed on a client when they are sleeping and not aware of the testing. All test a recored at the same time to measure sleep disorders
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what is a EEG
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an Electroenephalgram = measures brain waves
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what is a EMG
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Electromylogram = meaures muscle movment
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What is EOG
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Electrooculogram = meaurse eye movement
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What test are used ind a polysommography
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EEG,EMG, EOG , RR, 02 saturation, Pulse, HR Light sensitive cells measure the light effect on sleeping
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What is sleep arcitecture
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the basic organization of normal sleep (nrem1-2-3-4 and REM) Orgainisedi into 2 types REM and NREM
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