Konkol Bio Usm

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abiotic factor

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physucal, or nonliving, factor tat shapes an ecosystem

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acid

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compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) un solution

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acid rain

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rain containing nitric and sulfuric acids

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active transport

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ebergy-requiring process that moves materal across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

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adaptation

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inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

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aerobic

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process that requires oxygen

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amino acid

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compound with an amio group (-NH2) on on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on th other end

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anaerobic

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process that does not require oxygen

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asexual reproduction

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process by which a single arent reproduces by itself

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atom

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basic unit of matter

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autotroph

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organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food

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base

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compound that produces hydroxide ions
(OH+) in solution

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biogeochemical cycle

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process in which elements, chemical compunds, and other forms of matter are passed form one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another

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biology

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science that seeks to understand the livin world

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biome

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group of ecosystems that have the same climate and domiant commuities

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biosphere

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part of earth in which life ecxists including land, water, and air or atmosphere

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biotic factor

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biolagical influence on organisms within an ecosystem

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buffer

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weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharo, sudden changes in ph

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Calvin cycle

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reactions of potosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build highenergy compounds such as sugars

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carbohydrate

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compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body

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carrying capacity

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largest number of individuals of a population that a given enviroment can support

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cell

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colletion of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundig; basic unit of all forms of life

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cell specialization

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separate roles for each type of cell in mulitcellula organisms

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cell theory

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indea that all living things ar composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from exsting cells

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cell wall

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strong suporrting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae,and some bacteria

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cellular respiration

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process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

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centriole

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one of two tiny srructures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nnuclear envelope

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chemical reaction

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process thatchanges one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

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chemosynthesis

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process by witch come oraganiss, such as certain bacteria , use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

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chlorophyll

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pruncupal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms; captures light energy

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chloroplast

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organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that capture the energy from sun light and converts it tion chemical energy

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chromatin

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granual materical visible within the nucleus; consitst of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

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commenslism

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symbiotic relationship in which one member of the associtation benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

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community

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assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area

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compound

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substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definte prorprtions

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compound light microscope

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microscope that allows light tp pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image

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consumer

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organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph

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covalent bond

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bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

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cytoplasm

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material inside the cell membrane-not including the nuceuls

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cytoskeleton

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network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement

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decomposer

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organism that breaks down and obtains energy frp, dead organic matter

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diffusion

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process by witch molecules tend to move form an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrted

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econlogical pyramid

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diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within wach trophic levl in a food chain or food web

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ecological succession

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gardual change in living communities that follows a dusturbance

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ecosystem

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collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their monliving environment

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electron transport chain

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a seies of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Kerbs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP

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endoplasmic reticulum

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interanal membrane system in cells in which lipid componets of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified

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enzyme

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protein that acts as a biological catalyst

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eukaryote

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organism whose cells contain nuclei

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evolution

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change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

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exoinential growth

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growt pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate

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facilitated diffusion

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movment of specific moecule aross cell membrane through protein channels

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fat

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lipid; made up of fatty acids and glycerol; protects body organs, insulates body, and stores energy in th body

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fermentaion

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process bu which cells release energy in the avsence of oxygen

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food chain

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series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

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food vacuole

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small cavity in the cytoplasm of protists that temporarily stores food

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food web

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network of complex interations formed by th feeding relationships among the variou organisms in a ecosystem

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glycolysis

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1st step in releasing the energy of glucose, un which a molecule of flucose is broken into 2 molecule of pyruvic acid

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golgi apparatus

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stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

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greenhouse effect

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natural situation in which heat is retained in earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases

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habitat

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the area where an organism lives, including the biotic ans abiotic factors that affect it

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heterotoph

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organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; aslo called a consumer