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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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know the drugs used to treat CNS disorders.
know the classification and mechanism of action of drugs used to treat CNS disorders. know the acute and chronic effectiveness, side effects, and addictive potential of drugs used to treat CNS disorders. |
obj
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Name eight ways that a drug can affect neurotransmission.
Give a specific example for each of three of the eight ways that a drug can have an effect. |
Synthesis of neurotransmitter -e.g. B6 Cofactor
Storage of neurotransmitter -e.g. MDMA (Ecstasy) Release of neurotransmitter -e.g. Amphetamines Reaction of Postsynaptic/Presynaptic Receptor to neurotransmitter binding -e.g. Barbiturates Metabolism of neurotransmitter -e.g. Vigabatrin Reuptake of neurotransmitter -e.g. Tricyclic antidepressants Binding of neurotransmitter to receptor -e.g. Naloxone (i.e. receptor antagonists) Neurotransmitter receptor by acting like the neurotransmitter -e.g. Nicotine (i.e. receptor agonists) |
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Why is blood-brain barrier important in CNS drug action?
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tight junctions around BVs in the brain are critical to the action of CNS drugs
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What are some general depressants?
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General anesthetics
Ether, NO2 inhalants Sedative hypnotics Barbs, alcohol, Dalmane, Seconal Minor tranquilzers Meprobamate, valium, librium |
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What are some general stimulants
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convulsants
strychnine, metrazol amphetamines benzadrine, dexedrine, ritalin cocaine Caffeine |
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Give exapmple of major tranqulizer
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thorazine
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What are groups of selective CNS agents
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hallucinogens, antidepressants, major tranquilizers, opiates
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Name some SSRIs
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Fluoxetine (Prozac®) Most widely prescribed antidepressant Sales exceed 1 bill. $ / year
Paroxetine (Paxil®) Sertraline (Zoloft®) Clotalopram (Celexa®) |
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Main side effects of SSRIs
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Main side effect: inhibition of sexual climax
Rare, but severe side effect: aggression, violence |
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How is Hippocampal BDNF affected by stress and antidepressants, respectively?
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Stress depresses the BDNF content
Antidepressants elevate the BDNF content |
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What chemicals are released after cigarette nicotine activates an nAchR?
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dopamine
Glutamate |
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Is the CB1 receptor presynaptic or post?
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pre
it inhibits neurotransmitter release |
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Serotonin:
Termination mainly by reuptake (dopamine transporter - inhibited by Cocaine) and metabolism via ____ and COMT |
MAOB
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Serotonin:
Two distinct receptor groups exist (coupled to heterotrimeric G proteins): |
D1-group (D1,D5: stimulate Adenylate cyclase: CNS, renal arteries) D2-group (D2,D3, D4: inhibit Adenylate cyclase: CNS)
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Serotonin:
Three main dopaminergic pathways: |
Nigrostriatal (substantia nigra): motor control (Parkinson’s disease)
Mesolimbic/mesocortical: emotion and reward system Tuberohypophysal: from hypothalamus to pituitary (Medulla oblongata: Vomiting center: D2 receptors) |
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Schizophrenia: _______ dopamine levels and D2 receptors
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increased
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Serotonin:
Seven distinct receptor types exist (7-TM): |
5-HT1 group (CNS, blood vessels) (cAMP) 5-HT2 group (CNS, blood vessels) (IP3/DAG) 5-HT3 group (peripheral nervous system) 5-HT4 group (enteric nervous system)
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___ = agonist of 5-HT2A receptor
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LSD
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Varenicline
Partial agonist at the α_ß_ nicotine receptor Partial agonists have some effects like nicotine but can also act like antagonists A dual mechanism of action is proposed: Partial nicotine-like effects Nicotine blockade from cigarette smoking |
Varenicline
Partial agonist at the α4ß2 nicotine receptor Partial agonists have some effects like nicotine but can also act like antagonists A dual mechanism of action is proposed: Partial nicotine-like effects Nicotine blockade from cigarette smoking |
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When reading emotion, teens rely on what part of the brain?
(Adults rely on the prefrontal cortex) |
amygdala (gut reaction)
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Tolerance
Decreased response with repeated administration, or A higher dose is required to produce the original effect (shift to _____) |
right
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Sensitization
Increased response with repeated administration, or A lower dose is required to produce the original effect (shift to ___) |
left
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dynorphin
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quiets dopamine release and depresses the reward circuit, causing user to need higher dose to feel high
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Dopamine signaling leads to increased ____ and Ca++
This activates CREB protein which activates genes that make dynorphin |
cAMP
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Dopamine signaling leads to delta FosB protein which suppresses _______ and stimulates production of CDK5
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dynorphin
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