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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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neutrality
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non involment in a disagreement, the US did not want to take sides and when Great Britain started a blockade against Germany US ships were intercepted which a violation of neutrality
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submarine warfare
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new weapon for Germany that was their shot to defeat the British Navy
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Lusitiania
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British passenger liner, May 7, 1915 was torpedoed killing 128 Americans, Wilson sent a message to Germany holding them accountable, W J Bryan thought it was too war like and quit cabinet
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Sussex Pledge
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1916, German promise not to sink merchant or passenger ships without giving due warning
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Allied Powers
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Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy; close ties with their economy boosted the US economy
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Central Powers
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Germany, Austria/Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
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propaganda
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Britain controlled war news cabled to the states, sent stories that poorly depicted Germany
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preparedness
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E. Republicans recognized US Army and Navy not well prepared, National Security League created to fix this; Wilson opposed until 1915 and Nat'l Defense Act 1916
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Jeannette Rankin
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first woman elected to Congress, opposed war
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Edward House
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Wilson's chief foreign policy advisor to London/Paris/Berlin to negotiate peace, try to fulfill "he kept us out of war", unsuccessful
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Zimmerman telegram
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March 1, 1917; German foreign minister Zimmerman proposed to Mexico to enter the war with German in exchange for aid in regaining Mexico's lost territory to the states
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Russian Revolution
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led to a republic in Russia which pleased Wilson over the former czarship
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mobilization
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1917, Germany had imminent plans to attack on Western Front and at sea with submarines; US had to move fast to make a difference; while training troops sent supplies instead
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George Creel
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led propaganda agency called Committee on Public Information; depicted heroisim of US soldiers and villainy of Germany/the kaiser in films, posters, pamphlets
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war agencies
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Bernard Baruch (War Industries Board: controlled production of raw materials and prices)
Herbert Hoover (Food Administration: conserve Food consumption) Harry Garfield (Fuel Administration: save coal, DAYLIGHT SAVINGS TIME) William Howard Taft (National War Labor Board: increase wages and union membership) |
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Espionage Act (1917)
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20 years in prison for trying to ncite a rebellion or obstruct the draft
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Sedition Act (1918)
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prohibited "disloyal" or "abusive" remarks about the US Gov., Eugene Debs put in jail under this
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Schenck v United States
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Schenck passed out pamphlets telling men to avoid draft, 1919 Justice Oliver Wendell said freedom of speech can be restricted in the case of causing "clear and present danger"
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Selective Service Act
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1917, by Sec of War Baker, 2.8 million men called up and provided half the troops
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Bolsheviks
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"communists", took Russia out of war
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American Expeditionary Force
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Commanded by Gen John J . Pershing, first used to plug weaknesses in French and British lines but soon came to control much more
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Fourteen Points
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Jan 1918, list of war aims by Wilson; secured freedom of seas, ended secret treaties, reduced nat'l armaments, self-determination to nations of Austro Hungarian Empire, and some general association of nations for mutual freedom and independence
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Treaty of Versailles
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Jan 1919, Allied nations, Wilson personally attended; it was clear they wanted revenge on Germany; 1. Ger disarmed and stripped of colonies, forced to admit guilt of war, apy reperations 2. formers territories of Ger and Aus/Hung were given self determination 3. League of Nations; never signed by US
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Big Four
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David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, Woodrow Wilson of US
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David Lloyd George
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Prime Minister of UK
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Georges Clemenceau
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Prime Minister of France
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Vittorio Orlando
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Italian PM
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League of Nations
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international peace keeping organization provided for in the Treaty of Versailles, each member stood ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of other nations
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Henry Cabot Lodge
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leading Senate Republican who opposed joining League of Nations
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resevationalists
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senators who would accept League of Nations if certain reservations were added to the covenant (stated mutual defense)
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irreconilables
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about a dozen Republican senators whoul would not accept US membership in League of Nations
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Red Scare
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1919, spurred by fear of growing socialism and communism in Russia
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Palmer Raids
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Attorney Gen Palmer under Hoover between 1919 and 1920 arrested 6,000 "anarchists, socialists, and labor agitators" with little evidence
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Emma Goldman
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outspoken, foreign born radical who was deported under Palmer Raids
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strikes; race riots
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some wanted higher pay, police strike in Boston Sept 1919, US Steel Strike; migration of African Americans north during war caused racial tensions, worst city was Chicago
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