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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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knee extensors
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quads (4), all merge into patellar tendon, assist w/ translation stabilization
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knee flexors
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hamstrings (3), all attach tibial tuberosity & are 2 joint muscles assist w/ translation stabilization
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bones of the knee
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femur, tibia, patella, fibula only indirectly
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femur
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longest strongest bone in body
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patella
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largest sesamoid bone in body
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sesamoid bone
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lives in cartilage
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movement at tibiofemoral joint
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flexion/extension
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cartilage in knee
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articular cartilage fibrous cartilage
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articular cartilage in knee
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on condyles & tibial plateau
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fibrous cartilage in knee
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menisci which act as shock absorbers & offer some stability
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ligaments in knee
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anterior cruciate ligament ACL, posterior cruciate ligament PCL, medial collateral ligament MCL, lateral collateral ligament LCL
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function of MCL & LCL
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prevent side to side movement
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function of ACL & PCL
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prevent front to back movement (translation)
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meniscal tear MOI
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rotation w/ compression tear is usually on outer rim “bucket handle”
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meniscal tear s/s
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c/o catching locking clicking, knee gets stuck
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meniscal tear palpation & observation
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effusion, aspirate isn’t bloody
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meniscal tear treatment
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surgery to remove torn tissue (meniscetomy)
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RTP for meniscal tear
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partial tear, 3 weeks; repair to sew back together, months
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worse meniscal tear
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medial
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contusion complication
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myositis ossificans
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how many bursae in knee
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20
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pre-patellar bursa
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on top of patella
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pre-patellar bursitis MOI
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impact to tip of knee cap, direct trauma
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infra-patellar bursa
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between patella & tibia
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infra-patellar bursitis MOI
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overuse
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knee bursitis treatment
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RICE, anti-inflammatories,
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iliotibial band friction syndrome
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ITB rolls over lateral femoral condyle during repetitive flexion & gets irritated
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iliotibial band friction syndrome prevention
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stretching, addressing alignment & biomechanics
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joint mice
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osteochondritis dessicans: osteochondral fractures leading to loose bodies in joint
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joint mice s/s
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c/o locking catching, clicking; effusion w/ bloody aspirate
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joint mice treatment
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surgery to remove bits, rehab to deal w/ damage it did, long term risks of arthritis
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patellar fracture MOI
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direct blow , avulsion
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patellar fracture issues
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can’t flex at all during rehab
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patellar subluxation and dislocation
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usually lateral movement; more common in women
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why is patellar subluxation and dislocation more common in women
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wider hips change angle @ knees
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patellar subluxation and dislocation causes
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being female, tight lateral soft tissue
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patellar subluxation and dislocation MOI
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damage to lateral retiniculum, can be rotational force w/ quad contraction, can have related osteochondral fracture
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chondromalacia patella
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wearing away of articular cartilage under patella
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chondromalacia patella more common
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in women
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chondromalacia patella complications
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can lead to arthritis
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chondromalacia patella treatment
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strengthen quads
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Jumper’s knee
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patellar tendonitis
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Osgood-Schlatter disease
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mini avulsions on tibial tuberosity, usually during growth, very painful but usually self resolving
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Osgood-Schlatter disease observation
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big bump on tibial tuberosity (bone growth)
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more pain going upstairs
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usually meniscus
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more pain going downstairs
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usually patellar-femoral issues
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PCL sprain MOI
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usually hyperextension
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PCL sprain treatment
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not usually surgery, quads are big & strong, so their assistance helps prevent gross instability in translation
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unhappy/ terrible triad
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damage to ACL, MCL, medial meniscus
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ACL sprain MOI
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usually non-contact, hyperextension, can plant tibia & rotate femur to pop ligament
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ACL sprain complication
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usually goes strait to 3rd degree
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ACL sprain s/s
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present w/ effusion, bloody aspirate, audible pop
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ACL sprain treatment
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needs surgery to reconstruct, hamstring strengthening
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MCL sprain MOI
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valgus force, tends to heal on its own
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MCL sprain treatment
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brace that’s slightly flexed, no exercise involving terminal extension
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MCL sprain complication
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3rd degree involves damage to medial meniscus
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LCL sprain MOI
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varus force, doesn’t heal well on its own
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LCL sprain s/s
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like any sprain, depends on severity
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LCL sprain treatment
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RICE, brace if severe, avoid full extension, surgery may be necessary
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