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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Systole: def. & role?
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heart muscle contraction
-creates high pressure in chamber |
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Diastole: def. & role?
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heart muscle relaxes
-drops pressure in chamber |
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When does blood leave and enter the heart chambers?
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blood enters when pressure of chamber is low and leaves when it is high
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What occurs during diastole? 2
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atrial filling
ventricular filling |
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What occurs during systole? 2
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atrial contraction
ventricle contraction |
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Isovolumetric contraction?
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increases pressure by closing AV valves
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What happens during ventricle contraction?
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isovolumetric contraction
ventricular ejection isovolumetric relaxation |
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What happens during ventricular ejection?
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semilunar valves open
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Isovolumetric relaxation? 2
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decreased pressure
semilunars close |
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How to determine pulse pressure?
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systolic - diastolic pressure
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Heart Sound: Lub?
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closure of AV valves
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Splitting of Lub heart sound?
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mitral before tricuspid
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Heart Sound: Dub?
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closure of semilunars
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Splitting of Dub heart sound?
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aortic before pulonary
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Cardiac Output: def. & formula?
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amount of blood pumped out per minute
CO= heart rate * stroke volume |
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Stroke volume: def. and formula?
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how much the ventricles pumped out
end diastolic volume- end systolic volums |
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What is pre-load influenced by?
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-end diastolic volume
-amount of wall stretch in ventricle -venous return |
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What influences venous return?
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muscle pump
respiratory pumo |
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Starling's Law?
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elasticity principle-more stretch, more recoil
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What determines contractile strength?
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amount of calcium in sarcomere
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Positive inotropism?
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increases contractility
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Negative inotropism?
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decreases contractility
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Afterload?
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pressure from great vessels that the heart must overcome in order to get blood out
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Hypertension?
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increase amount of force the heart must pump against to force blood out
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Chronotropic regulation?
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regulation of heart rate
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Role of sympathetic nervous system in heart rate?
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allows pacemaker cells to reach threshold more quickly
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Vagal tone?
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decrease heart rate by increasing K+ permeability to hyperpolarize
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Pressoreceptors?
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input from external sensors in walls of arteries helps regulate heart rate
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Baroreceptors: def. & role?
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nerve endings in arterial or cardiac muscle walls
-respond to blood pressure changes |
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Bainbridge reflex?
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atrial sympathetic reflex
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Congestive Heart Failure?
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heart fails to pump
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Coronary Atherosclerosis?
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buildup of plaque
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Ischemia/angina?
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lack of blood flow/oxygen to heart
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Myocardial Infarction?
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heart attack
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Cardiomyopathy?
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heart muscle has failed
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Pulmonary congestion?
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fluid backed up in lungs
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