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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Isthmus in a thyroid gland?
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joins 2 lobes
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What are follicles in the thyroid gland made of?
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cuboidal cells
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Thyroid gland: where are colloids located?
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inside each follicle
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What are colloids made of? 3
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thyroglobin, iodine, thyroid hormone
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Thyroid Gland: What cells secrete calcitonin?
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parafollicular
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What makes up thyroid hormones? 2
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tyrosine, iodine
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What are 2 things that have to be done when synthesizing thyroid hormone?
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-formation and storage of thyroglobin, iodine trapping
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What happens when thyroid hormone is needed? 2
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iodinated thyroglobin is endocytosed into the follicular cell, cut the thyroglobin into T3 and T4
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What does thyroid hormone bind to when traveling in the bloodstream?
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Thyroxine
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What is special about thyroid hormone and its mechanism of action?
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does not take the typical route as protein hormones, its goes straight through the plasma membrane
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Function of Calcitonin?
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inhibits osteoclast activity in bone, regulates blood Ca2+ to increase uptake by bone
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Does the hypothalamus/pituitary regulate Calcitonin?
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No
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What structure do the Parathyroid gland contain?
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oxyphil cells, chief cells
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Function of chief cells in parathyroid gland?
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produce parathyroid hormone
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Functions of Parathyroid gland? 4
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increase osteoclast activity, kidney Ca2+ reabsorption, Ca2+ absorption from digestive tract, increase blood Ca2+
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What mechanism of action does the Parathroid gland take?
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cAMP/PKA
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Is the Parathyroid gland regulated by hypothalamus/pituitary?
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no
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What are the 3 layers of the cortex in the adrenal gland from superior to inferior?
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zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis
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What hormone does zona glomerulosa produce?
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aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)
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Function of aldosterone?
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regulates plasma Na+
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What weakly influences aldosterone? 2
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hypothalamus, pituitary
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What strongly influences aldosterone?
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adrenal cortex, kidney
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What does the Zona fasciculata produce?
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cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone (glucocorticoids)
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Functions of cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone? 3
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decrease inflammation, increase plasma glucose, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis
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How does glucocorticoids achieve its activities?
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modify gene activity, increased protein synthesis
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What hormones do the Zona Reticularis produce? 2
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Gonadocorticoids (androgens, estrogen)
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What hormones does the adrenal medulla release? 2
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epinephrine, norepinephrine
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