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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Porifera |
-Sponges -Produce sexually (hermaphrodite) and asexually (fragmentation) |
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porifera cell types |
choanocytes=line the body cavity and have flagella that circulates water
spicules=give structural support
amoebocytes= performs reproduction, carrying food particles to non-feeding cells, secretion of material that forms spicules |
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Cnidarian |
Hydra & jellyfish sexual and asexual reproduction |
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Platyhelminthes |
Flatworm (tapeworm) have cephalization Flat body for cells to contact with oxygen digestive cavity is branched so that food can be spread to all regions of the body |
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Nematoda |
C.elegan, Roundworm, Trichinella Bilateral symmetry Protosome pseudocoelomate (can transport nutrient but no circulatory system) many are parasitic |
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Annelid |
Earthworms, Leeches Segmented coelomate = mouth + pharynx + esophagus+crop + gizzard + intestine+anus -heart consist of 5 aortic arches -blood contains Hemoglobin hermaphroditic but do not self-fertilize |
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Mollusk |
Squid, octopus,slug, clam, snail protosome coelomate Bilateral symmetry *head-foot=have sensory/motor organ *visceral mass=organs of digestion, excretion, reproduction *mentle=surrounds visceral and makes shell open circulatory system, no capillaries have hemocoels (a blood-filled space) have gills, nephridia (excrete urea) , radula (a tooth-bearing tongue structure)
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Anthropod |
insects (grasshopper) , crustacean (shrimp, crab), arachnid (spider) invertebrate protostome coelomate segmented (head + thorax + ab) jointed appendages chitin exoskeleton (protect & aid in movement) open circulatory system (hemocoel + tubular heart. no capillaries) Malpighian tubule used to release uric acid have trachea. bring air into hemocoel some have book lung/ book gills |
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Enchinoderm |
sea stars, sea urchins invertebrates deuterostome coelomate bilateral symmetric embryo --> radial adult no segmentation have water vascular system -modified coelom that creates hydrostatic support for tube feet ( for locomotion) sexual reproduction: external fertilization asexual reproduction: fragmentation
sea stars have endoskeleton consist of calcium plates that grows with the body
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Chordata |
fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, mammal vertebrate deuterostome coelomate *have notochord (dorsal, hollow nerve cord) * bilateral symmetry |
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Fish water absorption/urination |
salt water fish: rarely urinate---constantly drink have isotonic urine fresh water fish: urinate constantly---rarely drink have diluted urine |
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eukaryotic flagella VS prokaryotic flagella |
eukaryotic: 9+2 microtubule (tubulin)
prokaryotic: -chains of flagellin( protein) -use proton motive force (electrical gradient) to spin and give locomotion |
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Archaea |
this is a Domain. prokaryote cell wall contain various polysaccharide unique phospholipid component histone associated DNA Ribosome cannot be inhibited by antibiotic
groups: methanogen extremophile- halophile & thermophile |
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methanogen |
-under Domain Archae -obligate anaerobe -obtaining energy from H2 to fix CO2, produce CH3 as by-product |
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halophiles |
under domain archaea an extremophile salt lover, live in high [salt] most are aerobic & heterotrophic anaerobic & photosynthetic ones have pigment bacteriorhodopsin |
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thermophile |
under domain Archaea extremophile heat lover are sulfur-based chemoautotroph
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Bacteria |
Domain....have 5 kingdoms cell wall: peptidoglycan no histone associated in DNA ribosome activity can be inhibited by antibiotic charastics: -mode of nutrition -ability to produce endospore -means of motility: flagella, corkscrew, gliding -shapes: cocci, bacilli, spirilla -thickness of peptidoglycan wall cells |
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bacteria shapes |
cocci- spherical bacilli- rod-shaped spirilla-spirals |
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cyanobacteria |
under domain bacteria photosynthetic releases O2 contain pigment phycobilin have heterocysts (a cell) that produce nitrogen fixing enzyme
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endospore |
a characteristic of some bacteria =a resistant body that contain DNA and small amount of cytoplasm, surrounded by a durable wall
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chemosynthetic bacteria |
a type of bacteria autotroph can nitrify things : NO2- ==> NO3-
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nitrogen fixing bacteria |
a type of bacteria heterotroph fixes N2 live in nodules of plants have a mutualism relationship with plants |
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spirochetes |
coiled bacteria that move with corkscrew motion have internal flagella between cell wall layers |
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domain eukaryote |
consist of 4 kingdoms: protista fungi plant animal
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protista |
types: algae-like protista animal-like protista (ask Protozoa) fungus-like protista |
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euglenoid |
Algae like protista photosynthetic. heterotrophic in absent of light have 1~3 flagella art apical (leading end) no cellulose wall - have pellicles (thin, protein strip) that wrap over membrane some have eyespots that permits phototaxis
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dinoglagellates |
algaelike protista photosynthetic have 2 flagella (perpendicular to each other) some are bioluminescent (can light up) some produce nerve toxin (lots in filter feeding shellfish)
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diatoms |
algaelike protista photosynthetic have test (shell) that fit together like a lid box contains SiO2 |
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brown algae |
algaelike protista photosynthetic multicellular have flagellated sperm cells
ex: giant seaweed |
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rhodophyta |
algaelike protista aka red algae phototsynthetic red from accessory pigment phycobilin multicellular gametes DO NOT have flagella |
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chlorophyta |
algaelike protista aka green algae have chlorophyll a and b photosynthetic have cellulose cell walls store energy in starch can be oogamous or anisogamous oogamous=sperm/egg same size & motile anisogamous= sperm/egg different in size believe to be an ancestor of plants |
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rhizopoda |
protozoa (animal like protist) heterotroph unicellular eukaryote get food from phagocytosis amoebas, move by pseudopodia (extensions of their cell body) |
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foraminifera |
AKA forams protozoa (animal like protist) heterotroph unicellular eukaryote have tests (shells) shells are made of CaCO3
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apicomplexans |
protozoa heterotroph unicellular eukaryote parasites of animals no physical motility form spores that are dispersed by host cell
ex: malaria (cause by sporozoan) |
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ciliates |
protozoa heterotroph unicellular eukaryote use cilia for moving have mouth, pores, contractile vacuoles have either 1 large macronucleus or several small nuclei
the most complex: paramecium |
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cellular slime molds |
fungus + protozoa -like characteristics spores germinate into amoebas feed on bacteria amoebas aggregate into single unit "slug"
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plasmodial slime molds |
plasmodium-single spreading mass feed on decaying vegetation
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oomycota |
water molds is either a parasite or a saprobes form filaments (hypae) but do not have septa secrets enzyme that digest surrounding things cell wall is made of cellulose it is coenocytic-have many nuclei within a single cell
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fungi structure |
hyphae- filaments mycellium- a mass of hyphae septum-divide filaments into compartments containing single nucleus (some fungi have septum, some don't) fungi cell wall contain chitin (N- polysaccharide) |
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zygomycota |
under kingdom fungi lack septa reproduce sexually by fusion of hyphae from different strains haploid zygopores areproduced and germinate into new hyphae
bread molds |
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glomeromycota |
under kingdom fungi lack septa DO NOT produce zygospores is mycorrhize: have mutualistic association with plant root -plant give fungi carbs. -fungi help plant absorb nutrient
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ascomycota |
yeast have septa reproduce sexually produce haploid ascospores
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basidiomycota |
mushroom have septa reproduce sexually by producing haploid basidiospore
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deuteromycota |
penicillium and artificial group no sexual reproductive cycle penicillin is produced from penicillium |
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lichen |
=fungi + photosynthetic partner have mutualistic association between fungi and algae (usually between fungi and cyanobacteria) provide nitrigen if algae is nitrogen fixing
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amebocyte |
a mobile cell in the body of invertebrates seen in echinoderms, mollusks, sponges. move by a pseudopodia (a temporary protrusion) actin of amoeba is used for locomotion and engulfment of food |
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deuterostome of animal kingdom |
chordata echinodermata |
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diploblastic of the animal kingdom |
=only have ectoderm and endoderm
poritfera cnidaria |
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coelomates of animal kingdom |
annelid mollusca arthropoda enchinoderm chordata |
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psudo-coelomate of animal kingdom |
nematoda |
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acoelomate of animal kingdom |
platyhelminthes cnidaria porifera |
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notochord |
a rod that extends the length of the body and serves as a flexible axis provides support replaced by bone during development arrive from mesoderm
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marsupials |
kangaroos mammals born early in embryonic development, and the joey completes it development while nursing in the mother's pouch |
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monotreme |
egg-laying mammals platypus, anteater derive nutrient from a shelled egg |
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eukaryotic phospholipid VS prokaryotic phospholipid |
eukaryote: branched ester-linked phospholipid prokaryote: Bacteria: unbranched ester-linked archae: ether-linked |
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