Kinetics Definitions

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Biopharmaceutics

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the study of the factors influencing the bioavailability of a drug in man and animal and the use of this information to optimize the pharmacological and therapeutic activity of drug products.

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Pharmacokinetics

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the study of the kinetics of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs and their corresponding pharmacologic, therapeutic, or toxic responses.

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Absorption

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the process by which a drug is transferred from the site of administration to the site of measurement.

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Distribution

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the process of reversible drug transfer to and from the site of measurement

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Excretion

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the irreversible loss of drug in a chemically unchanged form.

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Metabolism

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the process of conversion of one chemical species into another

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Elimination

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The irreversible loss of drug from the site of measurement

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Onset of action

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the time at which the administered drug reaches the therapeutic range or begins to produce the effect

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Termination of Action

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The time at which the drug concentration in the plasma falls below the minimum effective concentration and stops producing the pharmacologic effect.

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Therapeutic Range

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the plasma or serum concentration range within which the drug is most likely to produce the therapeutic effect

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Duration of Action

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the time span beginning from the onset of action up to the termination of action

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Passive Diffusion

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a process by which a drug molecule moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to a concentration gradient. The membrane plays a passive role.

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Elimination half-life

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The time at which the amount and/or concentration of drug in the body becomes 50% of the previous or initial concentration and or amount as soon as equilibrium is reached following the administration of a dose

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Apparent Volume of Distribution

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A proportionality constant whose sole purpose is to relate the plasma concentration with the amount of drug in the body at that time.

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Linear Pharmacokinetics

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A directly proportional relationship observed between the concentration and/or amount of drug and the administered dose of the drug.

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Renal Clearance

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The drug or the fraction thereof that is removed from the blood by the process of renal extraction

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Clearance

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a proportionality constant describing the relationship between a substance's rate of elimination at a time and its corresponding concentration in an appropriate fluid at a time

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Systemic Clearance

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A proportionality constant that relates the rate of drug elimination to the plasma or serum concentration at that time.

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Metabolic Clearance

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The drug or fraction thereof that is removed from the blood by the process of metabolism.

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Hepatic Clearance

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the drug or fraction thereof that is removed from the blood by the process of metabolism.