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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the joints of the Elbow and Forearm
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Humeroulnar
Humeroradial Proximal Radioulnar Distal Radioulnar |
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The modified hinge joint allows for?
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Mild axial rotation of ulna AND side to side motion with √ and /
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Normal “Valgus Angle” of the Elbow is at how many degrees?
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18°
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Excessive “Valgus Angle” of the Elbow is at how many degrees?
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30°
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Cubitus Varus “Valgus Angle” of the Elbow is at how many degrees?
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-5°
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when an arm is in FREE space, force in the LATERAL direction on the forearm causes what type of stress?
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Valgus
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when an arm is in FREE space, valgus stress in the LATERAL direction of the forearm, stresses on what ligament?
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MCL
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When an arm is in FREE space, force in the MEDIAL direction on the forearm causes what type of stress?
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Varus
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When an arm is in FREE space, varus stress in the MEDIAL direction of the forearm, stresses what ligament?
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LCL
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When an arm is in a FIXED space, force in the LATERAL direction on the forearm causes what type of stress?
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Varus
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When an arm is in a FIXED space, Varus stress in the LATERAL direction on the forearm stresses what ligament?
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LCL
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When an arm is in a FIXED space, force in the LATERAL direction on the forearm causes what type of stress?
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Valgus
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When an arm is in a FIXED space, Valgus stress in the LATERAL direction on the forearm stresses what ligament?
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MCL
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During elbow flexion, Distal on Proximal – rolling and sliding in _____ direction
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Same
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During elbow flexion, Proximal on Distal – rolling and sliding in ______directions
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opposite
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During flexion, the Humeroradial Joint functions to pull what?
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pull the fovea against the capitulum
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During Supination, the forearm's range of motion, is between how many degrees?
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0 - 85°
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During Pronation, the forearm's range of motion, is between how many degrees?
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0 - 75°
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During supination and Pronation, distal radioulnar, ___ is moving on ____.
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concave ; convex
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During supination and Pronation, proximal radioulnar, the joints are ____.
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spinning
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What are the muscles contributed to elbow flexion.
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Biceps Brachii
Brachialis Brachioradialis Pronator Teres |
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What muscle, during elbow flexion:
-Is not dependent on pronation/supination position -Attaches to ulna -Does not cross radio-ulnar joint |
Brachialis
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Biceps is most active when forearm is (pronated/supinated)
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Supinated
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What muscles is the most active when forearm is in neutral?
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Brachioradialis
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What muscles has the most direct line of pull?
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Brachioradialis
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What are the muscles of Elbow extension?
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Triceps and Anconeus
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The maximal torque is produced at how many degress during elbow flexion.
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90
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What are the primary muscles of pronation?
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Pronator Teres
Pronator Quadratus |
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What are the secondary muscles of pronation?
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Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus |
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What are the primary muscles for supination?
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Supinator
Biceps Brachii |
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Radial Wrist Extensors
Extensor Pollicis Long. Extensor Indicis Brachioradialis ...are the secondary muscles for what? |
Supination
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Biceps are only effective when? and why?
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When elbow is flexed because it pulls perpendicular to the radius
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