Kinesiology Foot Test

Front 1

What shape is the foot?

Back 1

Dome Shape

Front 2

How many bones are in the foot?

Back 2

26

Front 3

What are the 3 divided sections of the foot?

Back 3

phalanges, metatarsals, and tarsals

Front 4

What do the phalanges consist of?

Back 4

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th toe

Front 5

What do the metatarsals consist of?

Back 5

1-5 long bones
3 sections: middle, distal (head) and proximinal (base)

Front 6

What do the tarsals consist of?

Back 6

1,2,3 cuneiforms
cuboid-lateral side
navicular-medial side

Front 7

How many joints are in the 1st toe (big toe)?

Back 7

2

Front 8

Name 5 bony landmarks in the foot

Back 8

-Sesamoid bones
-Tuberosity of the Navicular
-Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal
-Tuberosity of the calcaneous
-Tuberosity of the Trochlea

Front 9

What are sesamoid bones?

Back 9

Located under the head metatarsal, flooting, absorb shock

Front 10

What is the trochlea?

Back 10

The top articulating surface where leg bones attach to the ankle. where joint forms. tibia and talus

Front 11

Name the 3 arches of the Foot

Back 11

1. Anterior/Metatarsal Arch
2. Lateral Arch
3. Medial/Longitudinal Arch

Front 12

Anterior/Metatarsal Arch

Back 12

-Curved becuase of cuneiforms
-wide on top, narrow on bottom
-dancers break down
-gives the foot its structure

Front 13

Lateral Arch

Back 13

-goes from 4th and 5th metatarsal to heal
-flexible becuase no ligaments
-very stable

Front 14

Medial/Longitudinal Arch

Back 14

-heal
-ankle
-talas
-1st 2nd and 3rd metatarsals
-other half of foot medial side

Front 15

What is plantar fasciaitis?

Back 15

overuse injury to plantar fascia, pain in the arch

Front 16

what is plantar fascia made of?

Back 16

connective tissue

Front 17

where is the plantar fascia and why is it important?

Back 17

-bottom of foot
-protection
-connects dome like structure
-helps support
-absorbs shock

Front 18

what are the 3 feet types?

Back 18

a. Normal
b. Pes Planus "flat feet"
c. Pes Cavus

Front 19

Pes Cavus

Back 19

Structure of the top of foot, not arch, bones sit higher, very mobel, more range of motion

Front 20

Distribute _______ evenly through the foot.

Back 20

weight

Front 21

what are the three main stages of the walking gate?

Back 21

-heal strike
-mid-support
-take off

Front 22

What happens in the heal strike stage of the walking gate?

Back 22

-The lateral side of the calcaneous hits the floor
-tibialis anterior contracts(concentric and eccentric control rate of decent

Front 23

What happens in the mid-support stage?

Back 23

-shift to medial side
-pronate to medial

Front 24

What happens in the take off stage?

Back 24

-take off big toe bc most stable (Flexor hallus longus)
-slight supination

Front 25

Any _______ from the Walking gate with cause problems

Back 25

deviation

Front 26

interosseous membrane

Back 26

-connective tissue
-keeps tibia and fibula from coming apart

Front 27

Fibula

Back 27

-Lower leg bone
-lateral side
-little

Front 28

what does the fibula articulate with?

Back 28

tibia, not femur

Front 29

how much leg weight does the fibula carry?

Back 29

less than 10%

Front 30

what is the fibula there for?

Back 30

stability

Front 31

What are the two main ligaments of the foot?

Back 31

-Medial Collateral/Deltoid
-Lateral Collateral

Front 32

What are the three Medial Collateral ligaments?

Back 32

1. Tibiocalcaneal
2.Tibionavicular
3.Posterior Tibiotalar

Front 33

What are the three Lateral Collateral Ligaments?

Back 33

1.Anterior talofibular
2.Posterior talofibular
3.Calcaneofibular

Front 34

what is the most commonly injured ligament in dacne?

Back 34

anterior talofibular ligament

Front 35

ligaments are...

Back 35

strong on inside, weak on outside

Front 36

trochlea

Back 36

surface of the talas, narrow section=pronation when in releve

Front 37

spring ligament

Back 37

-Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
-medial side
-yellow
-sling under talus
-supports bodys weight, push off

Front 38

inversion

Back 38

supination and adduction

Front 39

eversion

Back 39

pronation and abduction

Front 40

if you can follow the muscle you can _________ the movement

Back 40

determine

Front 41

which direction is the subtalar axis?

Back 41

diagonally through the foot; head of talus down and back through back end of heel (calcaneous)

Front 42

what is the action of the subtalar axis?

Back 42

pronation and supination

Front 43

which plane is the mediolateral axis?

Back 43

saggital plane

Front 44

what actions are taken plane in the mediolateral axis?

Back 44

flexion and extension
dorsi and plantar flexion

Front 45

what are the two axis' in the foot?

Back 45

subtalar and mediolateral axis

Front 46

action of the toes

Back 46

flexion, extension, hyperextension

Front 47

action of the tarsus

Back 47

pronation and supination

Front 48

action of the ankle

Back 48

plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

Front 49

what effect us as dancers?

Back 49

-length of bones:effiniency of propulsive mechanism

-width:balance

-ligament:mobility and stability

Front 50

Tibialis Anterior Origin

Back 50

lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the tibia

Front 51

Tibialis Anterior Insertion

Back 51

medial surface of the 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

Front 52

tibialia anterior action

Back 52

supination and dorsiflexion

Front 53

Extensor Digitorum Longus Origin

Back 53

anterior surface of upper 2/3 of fibula and interosseous membrance

Front 54

Extensor digitorum longus insertion

Back 54

dorsal surface of phalanges of toes 2-5

Front 55

Extensor digitorium action

Back 55

extension
pronation
dorsiflexion

Front 56

Tibialis posterior origin

Back 56

posterior surface of the upper 2/3 tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane

Front 57

tibialis posterior insertion

Back 57

navicular tuberosity, cuboid and all three cuneiforms on plantar surface

Front 58

tibilais posterior action

Back 58

supination, plantar flexion

Front 59

flexor digitorum longus origin

Back 59

middle 1/3 posterior surface of the tibia

Front 60

flexor digitorum longus insertion

Back 60

-distal phalanx of toes 2-5
-plantar surface

Front 61

flexor digitorum longus action

Back 61

flexion, supination, plantar flexion

Front 62

flexor hallucis longus origin

Back 62

middle 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula

Front 63

flexor hallucis longus insertion

Back 63

base of the distal phalanx of the big toe

Front 64

flexor hallucis longus action

Back 64

flexion, slight supination, plantar flexion

Front 65

Plantaris origin

Back 65

posterior surface of femur above the lateral condyle

Front 66

plantaris insertion

Back 66

tuberosity of the calcaneoud vis achilles tendon

Front 67

plantaris action

Back 67

plantar flexion, knee flexion, foot inversion

Front 68

soleus origin

Back 68

posterior surface of upper 1/3 of fibula and middle third of tibia

Front 69

soleus insertion

Back 69

posterior surface of the calcaneous via achilles tendon

Front 70

soleus action

Back 70

ankle plantar flexion

Front 71

gastrocnemius origin

Back 71

posterior aspect of medial and lateral condyles of the femur

Front 72

gastrocnemius insertion

Back 72

posterior surface of the calcaneous vis achilles tendon

Front 73

gastorcnemius action

Back 73

plantar flexion, knee flexion

Front 74

peroneus brevis origin

Back 74

lower 2/3 of fibula

Front 75

peroneus brevis insertion

Back 75

lateral tubercle of 5th metatarsal

Front 76

peroneus brevis action

Back 76

pronation, plantar flexion

Front 77

Peroneus longus origin

Back 77

lateral upper 2/3 of fibula

Front 78

peroneus longus insertion

Back 78

plantar surface of 1st metatarsal and the medial cuneigorm

Front 79

peroneus longus action

Back 79

pronation, plantar flexion

Front 80

extensor Hallucis longus origin

Back 80

midanterior of fibula and interosseous membrane

Front 81

extensor hallucis longus insertion

Back 81

dorsal surface, base of distal phalanx of big toe

Front 82

extensor hallucis longus action

Back 82

extension, slight supination, dorsiflexion

Front 83

lumbrical origin

Back 83

tendons of the flexor digitorum longus

Front 84

lunbrical insertion

Back 84

medial side, dorsal hood on proximal phalanz of 2 3 4 and 5 toes

Front 85

lumbrical action

Back 85

flexion, extension

Front 86

tom

Back 86

tibialis anterior

Front 87

dick

Back 87

extensor digitorium longus

Front 88

harry

Back 88

extensor hallucis longus

Front 89

origin

Back 89

closest to the middle of the body

Front 90

insertion

Back 90

distal end

Front 91

peroneus tertius origin

Back 91

distal 1/3 of anteromedial surface of fibula and surface of interosseous membrane

Front 92

peroneus tertius insertion

Back 92

dorsal surface, base of 5 metatarsal

Front 93

peroneus tertius action

Back 93

dorsiflexion and pronation

Front 94

morton short/long toe

Back 94

-2nd metatarsal is shorter thatn 1st
-stress on head of 2nd metatarsal
-supination
-shirt in ideal weight

Front 95

tapered foot

Back 95

-big to small
-not stable
-difficult to pointe
-supinate in releve
-narow and flexible

Front 96

chopped foot

Back 96

-3 toes are same length
-easy to balance
-wider base
-great for dance!

Front 97

3 different feet shapes

Back 97

chopped
tapered
morton long/short toe

Front 98

pes cavus foot

Back 98

-high arch
-not good shock absorber
-appears short
-dancer notch:overuse injury
-achilles is stretched for larger plea, stretches ligament and joint capsule
-calcaneous slides under, heel tilted under
-tocklea width affects range of dorsiflexion, thicker

Front 99

hallus valgus

Back 99

-misalignment of 1st toe, 2nd phalanges angle off to lateral side
-less efficiency for push off
-pronates
-too narrow shoes when bones ossify
-girls in pointe too early

Front 100

bunions

Back 100

-inflamation of bursa sac
-overtime will calcify
-loss of mobility, painful

Front 101

two ways to determine alignment

Back 101

bony landmarks and helbings disease

Front 102

bony landmarks

Back 102

1. medial side of head of 1st metatarsal
2. tuberosity of navicular
3. medial aspect of calcaneous

Front 103

helbings disease

Back 103

posterior veiw, achilles tendon
1.pronation
2. supination
3.ideal alighnment

Front 104

fallen arch

Back 104

tuberosity of navicular displaces medially and falls down

Front 105

what if the spring ligament is worn?

Back 105

the navicular falls

Front 106

os trigonum

Back 106

behind talus, restricts releve, bone breaks down and fuses to calcaneous

Front 107

exotosis

Back 107

protrusion of bone,, bone spur, painful

Front 108

achilles tendon

Back 108

tightness, most common restriction for plea, dorsiflexin, short more push off

Front 109

tibial torsion

Back 109

bowing of the tibis, knees face inward,more weight on medial side of foot, pronat bc of knees

Front 110

releve

Back 110

-unique for dancers,
-sickle:fewer bones in lateral arch, more stability , fewers joints to balance, balance over 2nd toe

Front 111

shin spllints

Back 111

-lower leg pain
-muscle tearing
-overuse
-inflammed periosteum

Front 112

4 reasons dancers get shin splints

Back 112

1.improper landing:heals down
2.dancning on hard surfaces:cement
3.constintly carrying weight too far forward or back
4. spending too much time in pronation:supinator contract so much to hold pronators will cause tears

Front 113

achilles tendonitis

Back 113

pain in forcibleplantar flexion (releve) sway back, should constintly stretched when dancing

Front 114

how do you stretch the gastrochnemius?

Back 114

dorsiflex ankle with knee straight

Front 115

how do you stetch the soleus?

Back 115

dorsiflex with knee bent