Kinesiology Final Exam Part 3

Front 1

what are 3 biomechanical limitations?

Back 1

ROM
Strength
endurance

Front 2

what can cause an immobilized joint?

Back 2

- loss of muscle fiber
-changes in number and length of sarcomeres
-changes in connective tissue
-disruption of articular cartilage
- tendons and ligaments lose strength in absense of motion and stress

Front 3

how can someone prevent ROM limitations?

Back 3

compression
positioning
movement through full ROM

Front 4

this technique is used to prevent ROM limitations due to edema
- most effective when combined with positioning and PROM or AROM
- use of compression wraps
- use of spriral wrapping in a distal to proximal direction
-tubigrip provides graduated constant pressure support

Back 4

compression

Front 5

this technique is important if limb is too weak to resist gravity
- functional or resting position
- minimizes edema, prevents deformities and maintains ROM
- position in the opposite of noral patterns of tightness
-splinting is used to facilitate functional position

Back 5

positioning

Front 6

contractures of soft tissue that can be changed include:

Back 6

- skin
- muscles
- tendons
- ligaments

Front 7

contractures that can't be changed include..

Back 7

bony changes
- longstanding contractures
- severe joint destruction

Front 8

what are the goals of passive movement?

Back 8

1 maintain/ regain normal ROM
2. prevent deformity/ contractures
3. improve joint lubrication
4. provide proprioceptive input

Front 9

the following are goals of what?
- maintain/ regain normal ROM
- prevent deformity/ contractures
-improve joint lubrication
-provide proprioceptive input
-maintain/ improve strength
- provide stimulus for bone integrity
-increase circulation/ prevent thrombosis

Back 9

AAROM

Front 10

the following are goals for what?
- maintain/ regain normal ROM/ prevent contractures
- improve joint lubrication
- maintain or improve strength
- provide stimulus for bone integrity
- increase circulation and prevent thrombosis
-improve or maintain ADL
-increase and maintain endurance
-decrease pain
-improve and maintain respiratory function

Back 10

AROM

Front 11

the following are goals of what?
- maintain and improve strength
- increase muscle endurance
- increase power
-improve and maintain AD
-improve and maintain respiratory function
-improve body mechanics and prevent injurt

Back 11

resistive exercise

Front 12

motion of the part may interfere with healing
ex. unhealed fracture, unstable joint, unhealed suture, blood clot, unstable medical condition, medical lines

Back 12

contraindications

Front 13

tissue is lengthened by outside force
-eliminates tightness that could cuase a contracture
-should be completed to the point of maximal stretch
- force, speed, direction and extent of stretch must be controlled

Back 13

stretching

Front 14

while stretching, this must be high enough to put tension on the tissue but not so high to rupture the muscle

Back 14

force

Front 15

while stretching this should be slow to allow joint to adjust gradually

Back 15

speed

Front 16

while stretching this should be exact opposite to the tightness

Back 16

direction

Front 17

while stretching this should be a few degrees beyond the point of discomfort and held for 15-30 seconds

Back 17

maximal stretch

Front 18

type of stretching
- involvment in an interest/ purposeful activity
- clinet is more relaxed
- client is not anticipating pain
- client is motivated to complete task
-PNF patterns
-contract/ relax

Back 18

active stretching

Front 19

type of stretching
- manual stretching
-relaxing environment
-stabilize bone proximal and distal to the joint to be moved
-encourage the client to assist with movement
- hold position for 15-30 sec
- complete movement slowly
-overstretching can cause heterotopic ossification

Back 19

passive stretching

Front 20

10 RM (repetition maximum) = maximum weight a person can lift with coordination through full ROM 10 times

Back 20

DeLorme's Progressive resistive exercises

Front 21

what kind of muscle strengthening is used for trace muscle grades?

- instruct client to contract or "hold" weak muscle
- contraindicated for clients with cardiac disease

Back 21

isometric

Front 22

- stregthening usd for poor minus/ fair minus muscles (2-/ 3-)
- weak muscle in concentrically or eccentrically contracted hrough as much ROM as they can achieve. therapist provides assistance to complete the rest of the range

Back 22

isontonic (active assisted)

Front 23

strengthening used for poor or fair muscle (gravity eliminated for poor, against gravity for fait)
- client contracts muscle to move part through full ROM
- repeats motion for up to 3 sets of ten with rest break between sets

Back 23

active ROM

Front 24

strength training for client with poor plus, fair plus, and above
- client moves body part through full available ROM against resistance
-therapist chooses appropriate amount of resistance

Back 24

active resistive

Front 25

how to assess cardiorespiratory function?

Back 25

pulse
bp
respiration
vital capacity
oxygen level
cardiac output
rate of perceived exertion
target heart rate

Front 26

what is the SAID principle?

Back 26

specific adaptation to imposed demands
- specific neuromuscular adaptations observed are the result of unique demands imposed on the neuromuscular unit