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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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part of body that..
- protects the spinal cord and internal organs - provides a means for breathing - supports the head and extremities -transmit loads between the extremities -stabilize and mobilize the body for hand function and ambulation |
vertebral column and ribs
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how many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?
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7 cervical
12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal 33 total |
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the smallest of the vertebrae
- foramen present in each transverse process |
cervical vertebrae
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this vertebrae has no body and resembles a bony ring- supports the head
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C1- atlas
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this vertebrae forms a pivot around which C1 rotates
- allows extensive ROM around vertical axis |
C2- axis
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this vertebrae has a long and prominent spinous process which is easily palpated
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C7
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this vertebrae is intermediate in size
- 4 articular facets that form the articulations with the 12 ribs - spinous processes project downward - limited ability to hyperextend |
thoracic vertebrae
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largest of the movable vertebrae
- support the weight of the body - interlocking articulation with other vertebrae |
lumbar vertebrae
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five sacral vertebrae fused to form a triangular bone
-articultaes with the last 2 lumbar vertebrae proximally and with the coccyx distally |
sacrum
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formed by three to five rudimentary vertebrae and is unmovable
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coccyx
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type of curve in cervical and lumbar vertebrae
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anterior (lordosis)
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type of curve in thoracic and sacral vertebrae
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Posterior (kyphosis)
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- primary curve
-present at birth |
cervical and lumbar
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secondary curve
-developed in infancy and early childhood |
thoracic
sacrococcygeal |
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- usually found in thoracic and lumbar spine
- lateral curve -muscle tightness on the concave side - muscles are stretched on the convex side - long term can cause problems with posture and functional activities - |
scoliosis
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spinal movement by anterior muscles
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flexion
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spinal movement by posterior muscles
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extension
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spinal movement by one side of anterior/ posterior muscles
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lateral flexion
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spinal movement by anterior/ posterior muscles that do not lie parallel to the long axis
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rotation
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what bones make up the pelvic girdle?
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sacrum
coccyx ilium ischium pubis |
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what are the 4 pelvic movements?
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anterior pelvic tilt
posterior pelvic tilt pelvic obliquity pelvic rotation |
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- coordinated movement between the lumbar and pelvic segments
- allows maximal forward flexion - head/ upper trunk initiate flexion, pelvis shifts posteriorly to maintain the center of gravity - at 45 degrees of forward flexion, the ligaments tighten, the vertebrae become stabilized and the muscles relax |
lumbar- pelvic rhythm
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position of the head, limbs, and trunk and their relationships to each other
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posture
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what is ideal erect standing posture?
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line of gravity passes through mastoid process
- in front of shoulder - behind center of hip - in front of center of knee -5-6 cm in front of ankle |
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the following can affect what?
- bony contours - laxity of ligaments - fascial and musculotendinous tightness - muscle tone - pelvic angle -joint position and mobility -neurogenic outflow and inflow |
posture
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who should be positioned?
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- difficulty with repositioning and transfers
- history of pressure ulcers -impaired circulation - coughing/ choking at meals - multiple contractures -abnormal tone - history of falls/ sliding from wheelchair |
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what are some risk factors for positioning?
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- general state of health
- mental status -activity level - nutrition -circulation -skin condition -contractures -incontinence |
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type of pressure management
- below interface pressure - higher number of risk factors |
pressure relief
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type of pressure management
- reduce pressure to safer level over bony prominences - fewer risk factors |
pressure reduction
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what are some common sites for pressure while sitting
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-sacrum
- ischial tuberosities - lateral thigh -spinous processes -lateral trunk |
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what are some common sites for pressure while supine
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- sacrum
-heels - spinous processes -scapula -lateral aspect of foot -occipital region |
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what are some common sites for pressure while side lying
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-greater trochanter
- shoulder -ear - fifth metatarsal -lateral malleolus |
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classification of deformities
- must accommodate the deformities |
fixed
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classification of deformities
- can evaluate for possible corrections |
movable
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what are the different types of hip/ pelvic positions
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-pelvic tilt (anterior, posterior, neutral)
- pelvic obliquity - pelvic rotation -windswept hips -adducted hips - external rotation |
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what are the possible trunk positions?
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-neutral
- lateral trunk flexion - trunk hyperextension -trunk rotation - forward trunk flexion |
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what is the ideal alignment for wheelchair positioning?
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hips at 90
knees at 90 and slightly separated ankles neutral and resting on leg rest/ floor pelvis in neutral -head/ neck neutral or slight forward flexion - shoulders neutral |
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width of wheelchair should have how many inches on both sides?
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1 inch on both sides
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seat depth: how many inches should be between back of knee and chair?
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2 inches
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the back height of the wheelchair should hit where?
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mid scapula
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this type of wheelchair is used for
-CVA patients - shorter patients -patients that propel with their feet seat is lower to the ground |
hemi-height wheelchair
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what are the roles of OT in regard to wheelchairs?
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- patients with limited trunk control, increased tone, contractures, pressure ulcers
-work with DME vendors to fit patients with specialized wheelchairs - make adaptation to wheelchairs to improve occupational performance, improve comfort |
