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170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the bones of the upper extremity
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-shoulder -thumb -upper arm -scapula -elbow -clavicle -forearm -sternum -wrist -ribcage -hand -humerus -digits -ulna -forefingers -radius |
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What is the function of the upper extremity and shoulder
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-UE is not a weight bearing limb -allow movement of the entire UE -shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body |
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Describe the shoulder complex
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-all the structures involved with movement of the shoulder, scapula, clavicle, sternum, humerus, and ribcage.
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What joints comprise the shoulder complex
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-sternoclavicular joint -arcomicalcalvicular joint -glenohumeral joint -scapulothoracic articulation |
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Describe the shoulder joint
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-glenohumeral joint -articulation between the scapula and the humerus |
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Describe the shoulder girdle
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-scapula, clavicle, sternum -sternoclavicular joint and the aromialcalviuclar joint |
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When at rest where does the scapula lay?
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-between T2 and T7
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Be able to identify the following on a diagram -superior angle -inferior angle -vertebral border -axillary border -spine -coracoid process -acromion process -glenoid fossa -supraspinous fossa -subscapular fossa -infraglenoid tubercle -supraglenoid tubercle -glenoid labrum |
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Be able to identify the following on a diagram-superior angle -inferior angle-vertebral border -axillary border-spine -coracoid process-acromion process -glenoid fossa-supraspinous fossa -subscapular fossa-infraglenoid tubercle -supraglenoid tubercle-glenoid labrum
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Be able to identify the following on a diagram -sternal end -acromial end -body |
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Be able to identify the following on a diagram -manubrium -body -xiphoid process |
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Define and be able to identify the following: -sternoclavicular joint |
-articulation between the sternum and the clavicle -classified as synovial joint, plane joint -motion is gliding -three planes of motion |
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Identify the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint
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-articular disc -sternoclavicular ligament -costoclavicular ligament -interclavicular ligament |
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Describe the articular disc
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-freedom of movement there -primarily there for shock absorption -promotes movement |
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Describe the sternoclavicular ligament
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-ligament where the sternum meets the clavicle
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Describe the costoclavicular ligament
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-ligament that runs from the clavicle down to the first rib
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Describe the interclavicular ligament
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-ligament that is between the two clavicles over the top of the sternum
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Define and be able to identify the following: -acromioclavicular joint |
-articulation between the scapula and the clavicle -classified as synovial joint, plane joint -motion is gliding -motion in all three planes |
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What are the ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint
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-acromioclavicular ligament -coracoclavicular ligament -coracoaromial ligament |
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Describe the acromioclavicular ligament
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-ligament that goes over the articulation of the acromion process and the lateral end of the clavicle
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Describe the coracoclavicular ligament
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-ligament that runs from the coracoid process of the scapula to the clavicle
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Describe the coracoaromial ligament
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-ligament that runs from the coracoid process of the scapula to the acromion process of the scapula
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Describe the movement that occurs in the shoulder girdle in the movement of elevation and depression
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-scapula goes up and down (linear movement) -can be performed without any movement of the humerus |
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Describe the movement that occurs in the shoulder girdle in the movement of protraction and retraction
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-shoulder and scapula goes forward and backward -scapular abduction and adduction -linear movement |
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Describe the movement that occurs in the shoulder girdle in the movement of upward and downward rotation
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-inferior angle of scapula moving up and away for upward rotation -inferior angle of scapula moving down and in for downward rotation -rotary movement |
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Define scapulahumeral rhythm
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-relationship between the shoulder joint and shoulder girdle -first 30 degrees is pure glenohumeral joint motion -past 30 degrees there is a 2 to 1 ratio the scapula must upwardly rotate 1 degree for every 2 degrees of shoulder abduction/flexion |
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What are the muscles that move the scapula
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-trapezius -levator scapulae -rhomboids -serratus anterior -pectoralis minor |
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What is the origin of the upper trapezius
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-occipital bone
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What is the insertion of the upper trapezius
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-outer third of clavicle, acromion process
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What is the action of the upper trapezius
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-scapular elevation
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What is the innervation of the upper trapezius
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-spinal accessory (cranial nerve XI)
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What is the origin of the middle trapezius
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-spinous processes of C7 through T3
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What is the action of the middle trapezius
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-scapular retration
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What is the innervation of the middle trapezius
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-spinal accessory (cranial nerve XI)
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What is the origin of the lower trapezius
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-spinous processes of the middle and lower thoracic vertebrae
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What is the insertion of the lower trapezius
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-base of the scapular spine
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What is the action of the lower trapezius
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-scapular depression and upward rotation
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What is the innervation of the lower trapezius
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-spinal accessory (cranial nerve XI)
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What is the origin of the levator scapulae
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-transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae
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What is the insertion of the levator scapulae
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-vertebral border of scapula between the superior angle and the spine
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What is the action of the levator scapulae
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-scapular elevation and downward rotation
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What is the innervation of the levator scapulae
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-third and fourth spinal nerves and dorsal scapular nerve
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What is the origin of the rhomboids
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-spinous processes of C7 through T5
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What is the insertion of the rhomboids
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-vertebral border of scapula between the spine and inferior angle
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What is the action of the rhomboids
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-scapular retraction, elevation, and downward rotation
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What is the innervation of the rhomboids
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- dorsal scapular nerve
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What is the origin of the serratus anterior
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-lateral surface of the upper eight ribs
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What is the insertion of the serratus anterior
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-vertebral border of the scapula, anterior surface
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What is the action of the serratus anterior
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-scapular protraction and upward rotation
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What is the innervation of the serratus anterior
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-long thoracic nerve
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What is the origin of the pectoralis minor
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-anterior surface, third through fifth ribs
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What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor
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-coracoid process of the scapula
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What is the action of the pectoralis minor
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-scapular depression, protraction, downward rotation, and tilt
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What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor
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-medial pectoral nerve
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Be able to identify on a diagram the following: -head -neck -shaft -grater tubercle -lesser tubercle -deltoid tuberosity -bicipital groove |
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Name the ligaments and bursae of the glenohumeral joint
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-joint capsule -glenohumeral ligament -coracohumeral ligament -subdeltoid bursa -subaromial bursa |
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Describe the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint
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-goes from the glenoid fossa to the neck of the humerus
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Describe the glenohumeral ligament of the glenohumeral joint
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-ligament attaches to the capsule, capsular ligament
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Describe the coracohumeral ligament of the glenohumeral joint
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-ligament that runs from the coracoid process of the scapula to the humerus -provides a roof for the articulation |
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Describe the subdeltoid bursa of the glenohumeral joint
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-below the deltoid -found between the deltoid muscle and the joint capsule |
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Describe the subaromial bursa of the glenohumeral joint
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-below the acromion process -found between the acromion process and the coricoacromial ligament and joint capsule |
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What are the muscles that comprise the rotator cuff
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-subscapularis -supraspinatus -infraspinatus -teres minor |
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What are the average range of movement of the glenohumeral joint WRT flexion
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0-180 degrees of flexion
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What is the average range of movement of the glenohumeral joint WRT extension
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0-45 degrees of extension
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What is the average range of movement of the glenohumeral joint WRT abduction
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0-180 degrees of abduction
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What is the average range of movement of the glenohumeral joint WRT medial/lateral rotation
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90 degrees for each movement
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What are the muscles that move the shoulder/arm
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-deltoid -coracobrachialis -supraspinatus -pectoralis major -latissimus dorsi -teres major -infraspinatus -teres minor -subscapularis |
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What is the origin of the anterior deltoid
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-lateral third of the clavicle
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What is the insertion of the anterior deltoid
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-deltoid tuberosity
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What is the action of the anterior deltoid
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-shoulder abduction, flexion, medial rotation, and horizontal adduction
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What is the innervation of the anterior deltoid
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-axillary nerve
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What is the origin of the middle deltoid
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-acromion process
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What is the insertion of the middle deltoid
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-deltoid tuberosity
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What is the action of the middle deltoid
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-shoulder abduction
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What is the innervation of the middle deltoid
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-axillary nerve
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What is the origin of the posterior deltoid
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-spine of scapula
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What is the insertion of the posterior deltoid
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-deltoid tuberosity
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What is the action of the posterior deltoid
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-shoulder abduction, extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation, horizontal abduction
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What is the innervation of the posterior deltoid
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-axillary nerve
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What is the origin of the supraspinatus
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-supraspinous fossa of the scapula
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What is the insertion of the supraspinatus
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-greater tubercle of the humerus
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What is the function of the supraspinatus
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-shoulder abduction
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What is the innervation of the supraspinatus
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-suprascapular nerve
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What is the origin of the pectoralis major
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-medial third of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of the first 6 ribs
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What is the insertion of the pectoralis major
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-lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
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What is the action of the pectoralis major
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-shoulder flexion (first 60 degrees), shoulder extension (first 60 degrees), shoulder adduction, medial rotation, horizontal adduction
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What is innervation of the pectoralis major
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-lateral and medial pectoral nerve
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What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi
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-spinous processes of T7 through L5 -posterior surface of sacrum, iliac crest, and lower three ribs |
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What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi
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-medial floor of bicipital groove of humerus
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What is the action of the latissimus dorsi
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-shoulder extension, adduction, medial rotation, hyperextension
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What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi
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-thoracodorsal nerve
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What is the origin of teres major
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-axillary border of scapula near the inferior angle
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What is the insertion of teres major
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-crest below lesser tubercle inferior to the latissimus dorsi muscle attachment
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What is the action of teres major
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-shoulder extension, adduction, and medial rotation
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What is the innervation of teres major
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-lower subscapular nerve
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What is the origin of infraspinatus
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-infraspinous fossa of scapula
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What is the insertion of infrapspinatus
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-greater tubercle of humerus
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What is the action of infraspinatus
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-shoulder lateral rotation, horizontal abduction
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What is the innervation of infraspinatus
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-suprascapular nerve
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What is the origin of teres minor
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-axillary border of scapula
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What is the insertion of teres minor
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-greater tubercle of humerus
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What is the action of teres minor
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-shoulder lateral rotation, horizontal abduction
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What is the innervation of teres minor
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-axillary nerve
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What is the origin of subscapularis
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-subscapular fossa of the scapula
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What is the insertion of subscapularis
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-lesser tubercle of the humerus
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What is the action of subscapularis
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-shoulder medial rotation
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What is the innervation of subscapularis
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-upper and lower subscapular nerve
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What is the origin of coracobrachialis
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-coracoid process of the scapula
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What is the insertion of coracobrachialis
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-medial surface of the humerus near the midpoint
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What is the action of coracobrachialis
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-stabilizes the shoulder joint
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What is the innervation of coracobrachialis
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-musculocutaneous nerve
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What are the bones that make up the elbow complex
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-humerus -ulna -radius |
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Be able to identify the following bony landmarks on the humerus: -head -neck -shaft -greater tubercle -lesser tubercle -deltoid tuberosity -bicipital groove -trochlea -capitulum -medial epicondyle -lateral epicondyle -lateral supracondylar ridge -olecranon fossa |
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Be able to identify the following bony landmarks on the ulna: -olecranon process -trochlear notch -coranoid process -radial notch -ulnar tuberosity -styloid process |
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Be able to identify the following bony landmarks on the radiuis: -head -radial tuberosity -styloid process |
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Describe the elbow joint
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-trochlea of humerus articulates with trochlear notch of ulna. -head of radius articulates with the capitulum of humerus -uniaxial joint (flexion and extension) |
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How many degrees of flexion does the elbow joint have?
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-145 degrees
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Describe the radioulnar joint
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- articulation between the radius and the ulna -articulates at both ends (proximally and distally) -proximal end= head of radius pivots within the radial notch of ulna -distal end= ulnar notch of radius rotates around the head of the ulna -uniaxial, pivot joint (pronation and supination) |
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How many degrees of pronation does the radioulnar joint have?
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-80 degrees
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How many degrees of supination does the radioulnar joint have?
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-90 degrees
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Define carrying angle of the elbow
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-angle between the longitudinal axis of humerus and the forearm -angle tends to be greater in women than in men |
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What is the normal carrying angle of the elbow for men?
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-5 degrees |
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What is the normal carrying angle of the elbow for women?
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-10 to 15 degrees
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Define cubitus varus (varum)
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-gunstock deformity -when the carrying angle is decreased |
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Define cubitus valgus (valgum)
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-when the carrying angle is increased
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List the ligaments of the elbow complex
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-medial collateral ligament -lateral collateral ligament -annular ligament -interosseous membrane |
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Identify the medial collateral ligament
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-medial aspect of joint -triangular shaped ligament -from medial epicondyle of humerus to the medial side of the elbow |
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Identify the lateral collateral ligament
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-lateral aspect of joint -triangular shaped ligament -from lateral epicondyle of humerus to lateral side of ulna |
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Identify the annular ligament
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-attaches anteriorly and posteriorly to the radial notch of the ulna -holds the radius in place against the ulna |
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Identify the interosseous membrane
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-flat, tough fiberous membrane that holds the radius and ulna together
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Identify the joint capsule of the elbow complex
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-attaches around the distal end of the humerus and encompasses the trochlea and capitulum
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Describe the brachialis
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-underneath the biceps muscle -crosses one joint -attaches to ulna -forearm is pronated when using this muscle |
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What is the origin of the brachialis
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-distal half of humerus, anterior surface
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What is the insertion of the brachialis
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-coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity of the ulna
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What is the action of the brachialis
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-elbow flexion
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What is the innervation of the brachialis
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-musculocutaneous nerve
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Describe the biceps brachii
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-two heads -superficial muscle of arm -crosses two joints (shoulder and elbow) -attaches to radius -forearm is supinated when using this muscle |
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What is the origin of the biceps brachii
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-long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (lateral and sits within the bicipital groove) -short head: coracoid process of scapula (medial) |
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What is the insertion of the biceps brachii
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-radial tuberosity of radius
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What is the action of the biceps brachii
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-elbow flexion -forearm supination |
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What is the innervation of the biceps brachii
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-musculocutaneous nerve
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Describe the brachioradialis
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-in forearm -attaches to distal part of humerus and to radius -forearm is neutral when using this muscle |
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What is the origin of the brachioradialis
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-lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
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What is the insertion of the brachioradialis
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-styloid process of the radius
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What is the action of the brachioradialis
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-elbow flexion
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What is the innervation of the brachioradialis
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-radial nerve
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What are the muscles that causes flexion for the elbow joint
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-brachialis -biceps brachii -brachioradialis |
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Describe the triceps brachii
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-crosses two joints -one head attaches to the scapula and the other two do not |
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What is the origin of the triceps brachii
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-long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scacpula -lateral head: inferior to greater tubercle on posterior humerus -medial head: posterior surface of humerus |
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What is the insertion of the triceps brachii
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-olecranon process
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What is the action of the triceps brachii
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-elbow extension
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What is the innervation of the triceps brachii
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-radial nerve
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What are the muscles that causes extension in the elbow joint
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-triceps brachii
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Describe the pronator teres
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-proximal -longer in length |
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What is the origin of the pronator teres
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-medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
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What is the insertion of the pronator teres
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-lateral aspect of radius at its midpoint
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What is the action of the pronator teres
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-forearm pronation
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What is the innervation of the pronator teres
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-median nerve
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Describe the pronator quadratus
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-square shaped -distal forearm |
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What is the origin of the pronator quadratus
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-distal one fourth of ulna
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What is the insertion of the pronator quadratus
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-distal one fourth of radius
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What is the action of the pronator quadratus
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-forearm pronation
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What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus
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-median nerve
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What are the muscles that causes pronation in the forearm
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-pronator teres -pronator quadratus |
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Describe the supinator
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-lateral aspect of elbow joint on radial side -supinates along with biceps brachii |
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What is the origin of the supinator
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-lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent to ulna
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What is the insertion of the supinator
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-anterior surface of the proximal radius
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What is the action of the supinator
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-forearm supination
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What is the innervation of the supinator
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-radial nerve
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What muscles causes supination in the forearm
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-supinator -biceps brachii |
