Kinesiology Concepts Midterm Exam

Front 1

Anterior(ventral)

posterior(dorsal)

Back 1

front

back

Front 2

Superior(cranial)

Inferior(caudal)

Back 2

toward top of the head

Top bottom of feet

Front 3

medial

Lateral

Back 3

toward midline of body

away from midline of body

Front 4

proximal

distal

Back 4

toward point of attachment

away from point of attachment

Front 5

superficial

deep

Back 5

toward surface og body "innards"

far from the surface of body"innards"

Front 6

Sagittal plane and axis

Frontal plane and axis

Transverse plane and axis

Back 6

left and right halves(mediolateral)

front and back halves(anteroposterior)

upper and lower halves(longitudinal)

Front 7

Adduction(def,plane,axis)

abduction(def,plane,axis)

Back 7

moving toward midline,frontal,anteroposterior

moving away from midline,frontal,anteroposterior

Front 8

lateral rotation(def,plane,axis)

medial rotation(def,plane,axis)

Back 8

away from midline of body,transverse, longitudinal

toward midline of body,transverse,longitudinal

Front 9

flexion (def,plane,axis)

extension(def,plane,axis)

Back 9

decreasing joint angle,sagittal,mediolateral

increasing joint angle,sagittal,mediolateral

Front 10

elevation(def,plane,axis)

Depression(def,plane,axis)

Back 10

raising scapula,frontal,anteroposterior

lowering scapula,frontal,anteroposterior

Front 11

(hand/forearm) and (foot)
Pronation(def,plane,axis)

Supination(def,plane,axis)

Back 11

turn palms backward/point foot,transverse,longitudinal

turns palms forward/flex the foot,transverse,longitudinal

Front 12

Circumduction(def,plane,axis)

Back 12

movement in a conic fashion/combo of felxion extension adduction and abduction,sagittal and frontal,mediolateral and anteroposterior

Front 13

Dorsiflexion(def,plane,axis)

plantarflexion(def,plane,axis)

Back 13

dec.angle between foot and shank,sagital,mediolateral

inc.angle between foot and shank,saggital,mediolateral

Front 14

eversion(def,plane,axis)

inversion(def,plane,axis)

Back 14

lft lateral edge of foot,frontal,anteroposterior

lift medial edge of foot,frontal,anteroposterior

Front 15

retraction(def,plane,axis)

protraction(def,plane,axis)

Back 15

move scapula together,transverse,longitudinal

move scapula apart,transverse, longitudinal

Front 16

ipsilateral

contralateral

Back 16

on the same side

on oppisite sides

Front 17

palmar

plantar

Back 17

ventral hand

bootm of foot

Front 18

radial

ulnar

Back 18

toward the thumb(radius side toward thumb(radius side of forearm/hand

toward pinky(ulna side of forearm/hand)

Front 19

hyperadduction

hyperabduction

Back 19

past zero degree point

past 180 degree point

Front 20

lateral flexion

radial deviation

Back 20

head or trunk only/titiliting sideways/left and right lateral flexion

away from midline(toward thumb)

Front 21

ulnar deviation

ulnar flexion

radial flexion

Back 21

toward midline(toward pinky)

hand towards pinky

hand towards thumb

Front 22

upward rotation

downward rotation

Back 22

bottom of scapula moves away from trunk,top moves upward

returns to normal

Front 23

medial(internal)rotation

lateral (external)rotation

Back 23

(for legs and arms)toward midline/adduction of foot

(for legs and arms)away from midline/abduction of foot

Front 24

right and left rotation

horizontal adduction

horizontal abduction

Back 24

head and trunk(twisting head/twisting hips)

combo of flexion and adduction/rotating across body

combo of flexion and abduction/rotating away from body

Front 25

Pronation of foot

Supination of foot

Back 25

dorsiflexion at the ankle/eversion in the tarsals/abduction of forefoot/overpronation

plantarflexion at ankle/inversion in tarsals/adduction of forefoot

Front 26

describe the movements occurring,in comparison to anatomical position of the following exercise: Donkey kicks

Back 26

right hip flexion,knee flexion of right and left leg,flexion of shoulder,right foot in dorsiflexion,left foot plantarflexion,shoulder and forearm rotation

Front 27

describe the movements occurring,in comparison to anatomical position of the following exercise: yoga prayer pose standing

Back 27

elbow flexion of arms,medial rotation of shoulders and elbow,adduction og arms and hands,hyperextension of wrist

Front 28

describe the movements occurring,in comparison to anatomical position of the following exercise:yoga prayer pose sitting cross legged

Back 28

elbow flexion of arms,medial rotation of shoulders and elbow,adduction og arms and hands,hyperextension of wrist,hip flexion,hip abduction,lateral hip rotation,plantar flexion , and knee flexion

Front 29

describe the movements occurring,in comparison to anatomical position of the following exercise:yoga prayer pose with hands behind back and standing

Back 29

shoulder hyperextension, adduction of hands medially,retraction of scapula,elbow flexion,wrist extension,move hands radially toward thumbs,retraction of scapula

Front 30

describe the movements occurring,in comparison to anatomical position of the following exercise:standing calf raise and lifting a dumbell weight in each hand above head

Back 30

plantarflexion of foot,extension of ankle,pronation of forearm and hands,flexion of elbow, hyperflexion of wrist extension of shoulder,upwardly lift arms superiorally(this causes upward rotation of scapula extension of elbow, and hyperextension of shoulder

Front 31

describe the movements occurring,in comparison to anatomical position of the following exercise:left leg lunge

Back 31

abduction of left leg,knee and hip flexion,feet are dorsiflected,slight trunk flexion

Front 32

describe the movements occurring,in comparison to anatomical position of the following exercise:bicep curl

Back 32

elbow flexion, wrist flexion

Front 33

describe the movements occurring,in comparison to anatomical position of the following exercise:sitting down in a chair

Back 33

dorsiflexion,knee flexion,leg flexion, and hip flexion

Front 34

axial skeleton

appendicular skeleton

Back 34

Trunk(thorax,addomen,pelvis),Head,neck

upper extremities, lower extremities,pelvic and pectoral girdles

Front 35

Flat bone(description and example)

Irreguar bone(description and example)

Short bone(description and example)

Long bone(description and example)

sesamoid(description and example)

Back 35

primarily for protection(ribs,bones of skull,scapulae,sternum)

designed for support protection and leverage(vertebrae and facial bones)

blocklike;primarily for shock absorbition and transferring forces(carpals and tarsals)

long hollow shaft with knobby ends; involved in large ROM movements(humerus and femur)

develops within a tendon;decrease stress of increase leverage(patella)

Front 36

epiphysis

Back 36

"ends of bone"-two extended ends of bone that are covered by articular cartilage

Front 37

metaphysis(epiphyseal cartilage)

Back 37

"growth plate"-lies between diaphysis and epiphysis and is a conical region adjacent to area when active bone growth will occur

Front 38

diaphysis

Back 38

bone between the two growth plates(shaft of bone)

Front 39

articular cartilage

Back 39

"hyaline cartilage"covers joint ends of articulations,contains collagen and proteglycan

Front 40

spongy bone

Back 40

cancellous bone containing a mesh work of thin trabeculae or spicules of bone tissue-found in epiphyses of long bones

Front 41

marrow cavity

Back 41

central portion of the shaft of marrow bones-contains stem cells that produce blood cells

Front 42

compact bone

Back 42

dense (cortical)bone that forms the outer layer of a bone

Front 43

fibrous joint(synarthoses)

Cartilaginous Joint(DIarthoses)

Synovial Joint(diarthoses)

Back 43

bones held together by fiborous articulations-allows for little or no movement-sutures in the skull

made of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage that holds joints together-little movement-intervertebral dics

bones articulating are connected by ligaments and seperated by a joint cavity-diarthrodal joint(low friction),very mobile,high resistance to wear and tear-knee and elbow

Front 44

Hinge joint(def,DOF,example)

Pivot Joint(def,DOF,example)

saddle(def,DOF,example)

condyloid(def,DOF,example)

ellipsodial(def,DOF,example)

ball-and -socket(def,DOF,example)

Plane/Glinding Joint(def,DOF,example)

Back 44

uniaxial joints that allow flexion and entension-1-elbow

permits rotation-1-radioulnar joint or atlas and axis(1st 2 joints of neck)

permits flexion ,extension and adduction, abduction and circumduction-2-CMC joint(base of thumb)

permits flexion and extension and can slightly rotate-2-knee

egg stuck in egg-shaped cavity,cannot rotate,flexion extension and adduction abduction-2- wrist(as a whole) and ankle(as a whole)

permits flexion extension,adduction abduction and internal and external rotation-3-shoulder and hip

permits gliding and sliding movements-0- wrist(carpals in wrist) and ankle(inter tarsals)

Front 45

What is another word for joint?

Back 45

articulations

Front 46

A ligament connects bone tissue to what?

Back 46

muscle

Front 47

Synovial joints are capable of what types of movements?

Back 47

nonaxial(slipping only),uniaxial(1 plane),biaxial(2 planes), and mutiaxial(movement in 3 planes)

Front 48

Intercarpal (between the wrist bones, the carpals)joints are an example of a?

Back 48

plane joint

Front 49

The interphalangeal (DIP AND PIP) joints are what type of joint?

Back 49

Hinge joint

Front 50

the radiocarpal(wrist) joint is an example of?

Back 50

ellipsoid

Front 51

Cartilage injuries tend to heal fairly well all by themselves? true or false..and why?

Back 51

False because In most tissues it is blood that delivers the essential nutrients for tissue regeneration. Articular cartilage doesn’t have a blood supply (it is avascular) nor nerve supply and therefore it has an extremely limited capacity for self-repair.

Front 52

define skeletal muscle

Back 52

striated(parallel) fibers that are attached to bone and are responsible for movement of skeleton at its joints

divided into bundles and fascicles

Front 53

define fascicles

Back 53

composed of fibers

surround by a CT sheath (Perimysium)

Epimysium is a CT sheath that surrounds multiple fasicles to form a complete muscle"belly"

Front 54

define fibers

Back 54

composed of muscle cell that is a synctum because it is multinucleated

inside each fasicle are muscle fibers

fibers are composed of myofibrils

Front 55

define myofibrils

Back 55

with in muscle fibers

longitudinally oriented and extend the full length of muscle fiber cell

contain myofilaments

Front 56

Muscle myofilaments

Back 56

ndividual myosin (thick ,dark filament) and actin(thin light filament) that slide over one another during muscle contraction

Front 57

Fusiform Shape

Quadrate shape

Flat shape

Circular shape

Pennate shape

Back 57

thick in center and tapered at ends(bicep)

four sided muscle(pronator quadratus)by wrist

parallel fibers(external oblique)

form spincters that close off tubes(orbicularis oris,muscle around eye)

feathered in appearance
3 types: unipennate(tendon on one side muscle on other,lower arm) bipennate(tendon in center muscle on both sides, rectus femoris), multipennate
(deltoid)

Front 58

blank is divided into bundles or blank.These blank are composed of . The blank are composed of blank and blank contain blank.

Back 58

muscle
fasicles
fasicles
fibers
fibers
myofibrils
myofibrils
myofilaments

Front 59

describe a typical monosynaptic reflex arc.

Back 59

A stretch reflex is a monosynaptic reflex that is a response to a muscle that has been stretched (the knee-jerk reflex is an example). When receptors in muscles, called muscle spindles, detect changes in muscle length, they stimulate, through a reflex arc, the contraction of a muscle. Stretch reflexes help maintain posture by stimulating muscles to regain normal body position.

Front 60

Define Clavicle

Back 60

cylindrical bone with slight s-shaped curve,1st bone to ossify but last to fuse,acts as a strut to keep limbs away from trunk

located superior to 1st rib and runs horizontally from the manubrium of sternum to acromion of scapula

Front 61

Define Scapula

Back 61

flat triangular bone,shallow glenoid cavity,attachment of 17 muscles,fractures are relatively uncommon

Front 62

Spine of scapula(posteriorscapula)

Back 62

long prominent ridge that runs diagonally across upper posterior surface of the bone. It serves at the attachment site for the trapiezius and deltoid muscles

Front 63

Acromion Process(posterior scapula)

Back 63

lateral fanlike extension of the spine.it serves as a attachment point for the trapiezius and deloid muscles

Front 64

Lateral angle(anterior scapula)

Back 64

junction of the superior and lateral margins that articulate with head of humerus

Front 65

Coracoid Process (anterior scapula)

Back 65

curved anterolateral projection located above the lateral angle. The bicep brachii,corocobrachialis, and pectoralis minor muscles attach here

Front 66

Inferior angle(anterior scapula)

Back 66

sharp curvature formed at the junction of the medial and lateral margins.It is an attachment point for the teres major muscle

Front 67

Superior Angle(anterior scapula)

Back 67

sharp curvature at junction of superior and medial margins.The levator scapula muscle attaches here.

Front 68

Lateral Border(anterior scapula)

Back 68

lateral edge of the scapula,also called auxillary border. The teres minor muscle attaches here.

Front 69

Medial Border(anterior scapula)

Back 69

medial edge of scacpula that faces the vertebral column.the attachment point for rombodieus and serratus anterior muscles

Front 70

supraspinous fossa(posterior scapula)

Back 70

slightly depressed area superior to spine.Attachment point for supraspintous muscle

Front 71

infraspinous fossa(posterior scapula)

Back 71

large slightly depressed area,inferior to the spine.attachment point for infraspinatus muscle

Front 72

subscapular fossa(anterior scapula)

Back 72

slightly depressed region in middle of anterior surface.Attachment point for subscapularis muscle.

Front 73

glenoid fossa(cavity)(anterior and posterior scapula)

Back 73

shallow concavity at the lateral angle. Forms socket for the head of humerus

Front 74

Supraglenoid tubercle

Back 74

bony bump on superior margin of glenoid fossa

Front 75

infraglenoid tubercle

Back 75

bony bumb of inferior margine of glenoid fossa. Attahcment point for tricep brachii muscle

Front 76

Define Humerus

Back 76

long bone,proximal head articulates with glenoid fossa of scapula,and distal medial and lateral condyles:articulates at elbow with ulna and radius

Front 77

Greater Tubercle(anterior humerus)

Back 77

large roughened area on proximal end of bone lateral to head.The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor attach here

Front 78

Lesser tubercle(anterior humerus)

Back 78

roughened area on bones proximal end, medial to greater tubercle.Subscaularis ,pectoralis major, teres major and latimuss dorsi muscles attach here

Front 79

deltoid tuberosity

Back 79

roughened raised surface located aproximately int he middle of the shaft on lateral side. Attachment point for deltoid muscle

Front 80

medial epicondyle

Back 80

rounded projection at the distal medial end of the humerus. Some muscles

Front 81

intertubercular groove(anterior humerus)

Back 81

a narrow longitudinal depression between greater and lesser tubercles

its the passage way for the tendon of long head of the biceps brachii

Front 82

Trapezius muscle(origin,insertion,action)

Back 82

Origin:occipital protuberance cervical spinal process and throacic spinal process

Insertion:lateral clavicle,acromion, and spine of scapula

Action:
upper fibers(elevate and upwardly rotate scapula/extend neck)
Middle fibers: adduct (retract)scapula
Lower fibers:depress and help upper fibers upwardly rotate scapula

Front 83

Latissimus dorsi muscle(origin,insertion,action)

Back 83

Origin:spine of lower six thoracic vertebrae,lumbar vertebrae,iliac crest ,sacrum, lower 3 or 4 ribs and inferior angle of scapula

Insertion:interbecular groove of humerus

Action:extends ,adducts,and medially rotates humerus at the shoulder

Front 84

supraspinatus muscle(origin,insertion,action)

Back 84

Orgin:supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion:superior aspect of greater tubercle of humerous
Action:lateral rotation and abduction

Front 85

infraspinatus muscle(origin,insertion,action)

Back 85

Origin:infraspinous fossa of humerus

Insertion:middle fact on greater tubercle of humerus
Action: laterally rotates arm at shoulder;helps hold head of humerus in glenoid fossa

Front 86

teres minor muscle(origin,insertion,action)

Back 86

Origin:lateral border of scapula

Insertion:inferior fact on greater tubercle

Action:laterally rotates arm at shoulder;helps hold head in glenoid fossa

Front 87

subscapularis muscle(origin,insertion,action)

Back 87

Origin:subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion:lesser tubercle of humerus
Action:medially rotates arm at shoulder

Front 88

pectoralis major muscle(origin,insertion,action)

Back 88

Origin:upper head:medial half of clavivle-lower head:sternum
Insertion:intertubecular groove of humerus

Action:medially rotates, flexion,adduction

Front 89

serratus anterior(origin,insertion,action)

Back 89

Origin:anterior surface upper 8 ribs
Insertion:anterior surface of Medial border of scapula
Action:abducts(protracts) scapula and upwardly rotates it while abducting the arm; stabilizes scapula by holding it to chest wall

Front 90

anterior deltoid(origin,insertion,action)

Back 90

Origin:lateral third of clavicle
Insertion:deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action:flexes and medially rotates arm at shoulder

Front 91

middle deltoid(origin,insertion,action)

Back 91

Origin:Acromion
Insertion:deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action:abducts arm at shoulder

Front 92

Posterior Deltoid(origin,insertion,action)

Back 92

origin: spine of scapula
insertion:deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action:extends and laterally rotates arm at shoulder

Front 93

Lateral supracondylar ridge(anterior humerus)

Back 93

roughed margin located above the lateralepicondyle.Attachment point for the branchioradialis muscle

Front 94

Lateral epicondyle(anterior humerus)

Back 94

rounded projection at the distalateral edge of humerus.Its posterior surface is the attachment point for some of the muscles that extend into the wrist and hand

Front 95

Radius

Back 95

long bone of forearm , its position is lateral in terms of position(away from midline), shorter than the ulna

Front 96

radial tuberosity(radius)

Back 96

roughed projection along the proximal medioanterior margin. Serves as the attachment point for the Bicep branchii muscle

Front 97

Styloic process(radius)

Back 97

pointed lateral projection at distal end of bone;forms lateral portion of joint wrist

Front 98

Ulna

Back 98

long bone of forearm, medially in terms of postion(toward midline),longer than radius

Front 99

Olecranon process(ulna)

Back 99

most proximal point of attachment on ulna;area of articulation with trochlae of humerus-forms elbow

Front 100

Coronoid Process(ulna)

Back 100

slight protrusion off the trochlear notch at proximal side of ulna

Front 101

Carpals

Back 101

bones of the wrist

Front 102

Phalanges

Back 102

finger bones(except thumb)

Front 103

Biceps Branchii(origin, insertion, action)(anterior)

Back 103

Origin-
Long Head:Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Short Head: coracoid process of scapula

Insertion:radial tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Action:flexes and supinates forearm at elbow

Front 104

Brachioradialis(origin, insertion, action)(anterior)

Back 104

origin:lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion:Styloid process of radius

Action: flexes forearm at elbow

Front 105

Brachialis(origin, insertion, action)(anterior)

Back 105

Origin:anterior distal half of humerus
Insertion: coranoid process and tuberosity of ulna
Action:flexes forearm at elbow

Front 106

pronator teres(origin, insertion, action)(anterior)

Back 106

origin:
humoral head:medial epicondyle of humerus and distal supracondylar ridge

Ulnar head:medial side of coracoid process of ulna

Insertion:middle of lateral surface of radius

Action: pronates and flexes forearm

Front 107

pronator quadratus(origin, insertion, action)(anterior)

Back 107

Origin:distal 4th of anterior surface of ulna

Insertion:distal 4th of anterior surface of ulna

Action:pronates forearm

Front 108

Supinator(origin, insertion, action)

Back 108

origin:lateral epicondyle of humerus,radial collelateral anular ligaments supinator fossa

Insertion:lateral posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius

action:supinates forearm

Front 109

triceps brachii(origin, insertion, action)

Back 109

Orgigin:
long:infraglenois tubercle of scapula
Medial:posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove
Lateral:posterior humerus

Insertion:proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

Action:extends forearm at elbow and steadies long head of muscle of abducted humerus

Front 110

wrist flexors(origin, insertion, action)

Back 110

origin:anterior side of radius ,ulna, and inrerosseus membrane

Insertion:anterior side of carpals and phalanges
Action:flexes wrist

Front 111

Wrist extensors(origin, insertion, action)

Back 111

origin:posterior side of radius,ulna, or interosseus membrane
insertion: posterior side of carpals and phalanges

action:extends wrist