Kinesiology Ch 1-6

Front 1

Anterior

Back 1

Front

Front 2

Posterior

Back 2

Back

Hint 2

butt

Front 3

Lateral

Back 3

To the side

Front 4

Medial

Back 4

Middle

Front 5

Superior

Back 5

Above

Hint 5

oh mighty one

Front 6

Inferior

Back 6

Below

Front 7

Proximal

Back 7

Usually used in limbs-closer to the center of the body

Front 8

Distal

Back 8

Farther away from the center of the body.

Hint 8

The knee joint is formed by the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia.

Front 9

Superficial

Back 9

Muscle layer closest to the skin

Front 10

Deep

Back 10

Muscle layer closest in to the bone

Front 11

Flexion

Back 11

decreasing angle between two layers

Front 12

Extension

Back 12

Increasing the angle between two levers

Front 13

Hyperextension

Back 13

Increasing the angle between two levers beyond 180 degrees

Front 14

Abduction

Back 14

Movement away from the midline of the body

Front 15

Adduction

Back 15

Movement toward the midline of the body

Front 16

Rotation

Back 16

Movement around the central axis of a lever

Front 17

Inward rotation(inversion)

Back 17

Rotation of the limbs inward toward the front of the body

Front 18

outward rotation (eversion)

Back 18

Rotation of th elimbs outward, away from the front of the body

Front 19

Articulation

Back 19

Point(s) at which two or more bones meet to form a joint

Front 20

Articulating surface

Back 20

Surface of a bone that contacts another bone

Front 21

Ligaments

Back 21

Nonelastic connective tissue that connects bone to bone

Front 22

Tendons

Back 22

Elastic connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Front 23

Fossa

Back 23

Big cavity, depression, or hollow

Front 24

Groove

Back 24

Long narrow indentation

Front 25

Trochanter

Back 25

Large chunk of bone

Front 26

Tuberosity

Back 26

Medium-sized "chunk"

Front 27

Tubercle

Back 27

Little "pimple" of bone

Front 28

Head

Back 28

Spherical shape beyond a narrow neckline portion of bone- usually at the end of a bone

Front 29

Condyle

Back 29

Big segments of bone, usually at the end of a bone, frequently serving as joint articulations

Front 30

Name the 3 planes of action.

Back 30

Frontal, Transverse, Sagital

Front 31

What is the rule of labeling?

Back 31

Labeling of actions is relative to direction

Front 32

State 3 types of balance.

Back 32

Stable, Off-set, Dynamic

Front 33

What is Fascia?

Back 33

Fibrous connective tissue, less elastic than tendons but more elastic than ligaments.

Front 34

Explain weight bearing.

Back 34

The single foot carries half its weight on the ball of the foot(the heads of the 5 metatarsals) and half posteriorly on the calcaneous. 1st toe, 5th toe and calcaneous.

Front 35

Explain the joints of the toes.

Back 35

The "joint" labeled toes includes all of the interphalangeal joints and the phalangeal metatarsal joints.

Front 36

Explain the joint actions of the toes.

Back 36

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, ab & adduction. Restricted to action on the sagital plalne

Front 37

Explin the joints of the tarsus.

Back 37

The Tarsus "joint" includes all of the actions that occur at the articulations of the 7 tarsal bones with eachother.

Front 38

Explain the joint actions of the tarsus.

Back 38

Occur on frontal and transverse planes. Include Ab& adduction, in & eversion (pronation and supination)

Front 39

What is the proper allignment of the foot?

Back 39

Ideally the foot should be in the same sagital plane as the lower leg

Front 40

Explain individual differences in morton short toe.

Back 40

In morton short toe the first metatarsal is longer than the second. and causes weight to shift laterally (supinating).

Front 41

Explain individual differences in tibial tortion.

Back 41

Tibia is twisted.

Front 42

Explain individual differences in Hallux valgus.

Back 42

Misalignment of the first toe. makes it harder to jump. Shoes that are too narrow can cause this.

Front 43

What is the proper alignment of the tarsus?

Back 43

Ideally- all 3 bony landmarks fall on the same sagital plane. Supination and pronation.. bad allignment.

Front 44

What is the shape of the tibia?

Back 44

Triangular

Front 45

Explain actions at the ankle joint.

Back 45

Dorsiflexion, Plantarflexion. which all occur on the sagital plane.

Front 46

Explain differences at the ankle.

Back 46

Ostrigonium on the back of the talus is sometimes longar than normal which restricts range of plantar flexion.
Exostosis- A bony protrusion on the tibia.

Front 47

Name the 6 major ligaments of the knee.

Back 47

Medial & lateral collateral ligaments, Anterior & posterior cruciate ligaments, Popliteal ligaments.

Front 48

What do the medial and lateral collateral ligaments restrict?

Back 48

rotation of the knee in an extended position.

Front 49

What do the anterior & posterior cruciate ligaments restrict?

Back 49

Posterior sliding of knee joint, and rotation

Front 50

What do the popliteal ligaments restrict?

Back 50

Anterior and posterior sliding, hyperextension.

Front 51

Explain the functions of the lateral and medial meniscus. AKA medial & lateral semilunar cartilages.

Back 51

They act as a cushion for the knee joint, the lateral side provides additional stability for the lateral aspect of the knee joint.

Front 52

Explain the actions of the knee joint & proper alignment.

Back 52

When the knee is flexed, keep tibia/fibula directly in alignment on the same sagital plane with the femur.

Front 53

State actions and restrictions at the hip

Back 53

Actions: Flexion, extension, ab/adduction, in & outward rotation, circumduction
Restrictions: hyperextension.

Front 54

Explain the proper alignment of the pelvis

Back 54

Ideally- the anterior superior spine of the ilium and the posterior superior spine of the ilium are on teh same horizontal (transverse) plane & the anterior superior spine of the ilium is on the same vertical (frontal plane) as the symphysis pubis.

Front 55

Explain differences in structure and action(male and female)

Back 55

The male's hips are narrower and the femur is straight down. Female hips are wider and femurs come inward.

Front 56

Explain the actions of the hip.

Back 56

Flexion, Extension, ab & adduction, In & outward rotation, circumduction. No hyperextension.

Front 57

Explain actions and restrictions of the lumbar spine.

Back 57

Lumbar actions: Flexion, Extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion.
Restrictions: can be a restriction of flexion, limits normal range of motion.

Front 58

Exlpain the actions and restrictions of the thoracic spine.

Back 58

Actions:Flexion, extension, rotation, lateral flexion
Restrictions: only by ribs contacting eachother.

Front 59

Explain the actions, and restrictions of the cervical spine.

Back 59

Actions: Flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, rotation.
Restrictions: primary restrictions provided by musculature.

Front 60

Explain gravity related to the spine.

Back 60

If the weight of the spine is not centered over the base of support-the pelvis and legs- the spine will fall in the direction that it is off-center.
ex: if the spine is slightly laterally flexed to the right, gravity will initally continue that direction of action.

Front 61

Explain differences: variations in curves and in movement potential.

Back 61

redo this one.

Front 62

Explain the actions and positions of the shoulder joint.

Back 62

Actions: ab & adduction, hyper ab & adduction, flexion, extension, hyper flexion & extension, Horizontal flexion & extension, in & outward rotation.
Positions: Exension, hyperextension, ab & adduction.

Front 63

Explain the number of positions on the frontal plane.

Back 63

Frontal: 1 neutral position, and an infinite number of postitions of both ab & adduction.

Front 64

Explain the number of positions on the Transverse plane.

Back 64

one neutral position of rotation and an infinite number of positions of both inward and outward rotation.

Front 65

Explain the number of positions on the Sagittal plane.

Back 65

Horizontal flexion and extension combo actions of the frontal and sagittal planes.

Front 66

What happens when the forearm rotates?

Back 66

The radius crosses over.

Front 67

Explain elbow joint: articulation.

Back 67

Humerous and radius

Front 68

Explain actions at the elbow.

Back 68

primary articulation between the humerous and the ulna. secondary articulation of the elbow joint is between the radius and the humerous.