Kines Hip Muscle/joint Interactions

Front 1

what are the nerve roots for the lumbar and sacral plexus

Back 1

T12-S4

Front 2

what compartments of the thigh does the lumbar plexus innervate

Back 2

anterior thigh, medial thigh, including quadriceps femoris

Front 3

what are the nerve roots for the femoral nerve

Back 3

Ventral Rami L2-4

Front 4

what are the nerve roots that make up the lumbar plexus

Back 4

ventral rami T12-L4

Front 5

what is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus

Back 5

femoral nerve

Front 6

what are hte motor branches for the femoral nerve

Back 6

1) hip flexors
2) all knee extensors
3) proximal to inguinal lig: psoas major, minor, iliacus
4) distal to inguinal ligament: sartorius, part of pectineus, quadriceps

Front 7

where is the sensory distribution for the femoral nere

Back 7

most of the skin of anterior-medial thigh

innervates skin of lower leg via saphenous cutaneous nerve

Front 8

what are the nerve roots for the obturator nerve

Back 8

L2-L4

Front 9

wha tar ehte motor branches of the obturator nerve

Back 9

posterior: obturator externus, anterior head of adductor magnus

anterior: pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, gracilis

Front 10

what is the path of the obturator nerve

Back 10

it splits into anterior and posterior as it passes throught the obturator foramen

Front 11

what is the sensory innervation of the obturator nerve

Back 11

skin of the medial thigh

Front 12

what are the nerve roots for the sacral plexus

Back 12

ventral rami L4-S4

Front 13

what is the motor innervation for the sacral plexus

Back 13

muscles of the posterior and lateral hip, posterior thigh, and entire lower leg

Front 14

where is the sacral plexus located

Back 14

posterior wall of pelvis

Front 15

where do most of the nerves of the sacral plexus nerves exit the pelvis

Back 15

through the greater sciatic foramen in order to innervate the posterior hip muscles

Front 16

what are the nerve roots for the nerve to the piriformis

Back 16

S1-2

Front 17

what are the nerve roots for the nerves to the quadratus femoris

Back 17

L4-S1

Front 18

what ar ehte nerve roots for the nerve to the gamellus inferior

Back 18

L4-S1

Front 19

how are the gluteal nerves names

Back 19

according to where they exit the greater sciatic notch

Front 20

what are hte nerve roots for the superior gluteal nerve

Back 20

L4-S1

Front 21

what are the nerve roots for the inferior gluteal nerve

Back 21

L5-S2

Front 22

what does the superior gluteal nerve innervate

Back 22

gluteus medius, gluteus minimis, tensor fasciae latae

Front 23

what does the inferior glutela nerve innervate

Back 23

gluteus maximus

Front 24

what are the nerve roots for the sciatic nerve

Back 24

L4-S3

Front 25

the sciatic nerve is the ____ and the _____ in teh body

Back 25

longest and widest in the body

Front 26

where does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis

Back 26

through the greater sciatic foramen (inferior to the piriformis

Front 27

the sciatic is made up of which two nerves, and where does it split

Back 27

tibial and common peroneal, seperates just proximal the the knee usually

Front 28

what is unique about many people who have piriformis syndrome

Back 28

sciatic nerve splits more proximal and the common peroneal actually pierces the piriformis

Front 29

what does the tibial nerve innervate

Back 29

posterior thigh

all biarticular muscles within the hamstrings, and the posterior head of adductor magnus

Front 30

what does the common peroneal nerve innergvate

Back 30

short head of the biceps (in the thigh)

Front 31

what provides sensory innervation to the capsule

Back 31

same nerve roots that supply the overlying muscle

femoral nerve: nerve filaments into anterior capsule

Sacral plexus: nerve brances enter posterior capsule froma ll roots

Obturator nerve: medial aspect of hip and kene

Front 32

why could inflammation of the hip be perceived as inflammation at the knee

Back 32

because the obturator nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles and also the sensory innervation to the hip capsule

Front 33

what are the two limitations to his graphs showing the line of force

Back 33

1) does NOT represent a force vector, only overall direction of the muscle (so we cannot compare strength)

2) lines of force and lengths of moment arms apply only in anatomic position

Front 34

what is the iliopsoas

Back 34

the fibers of the iliacus and the psoas major because they fuse together to form a common tendon anchoring the muscles to the femur

Front 35

explain the line of pull for the iliopsoas

Back 35

passes anterior to the pubis then must go 35-45 degrees posterior to reach the lesser trochanter....

in full extension, this raises the tendon's angle of insertion to the femur therby increaseing the muscle's leverage for flexion

Front 36

what are the actions ofthe iliopsoas

Back 36

hip flexion

Front 37

what is the iliopsoas' role in rotation (er/ir) at the hip

Back 37

not an effective rotator in anatomic position, but in hip abduction, can assist in external rotation

Front 38

attachments for psoas minor

Back 38

anteiror to psoas major, 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar v. --> pelvis near pectineal line

Front 39

what is the action of the psoas minor

Back 39

doesnt have one-- it does next to no motion and is absent in about 40% of people

Front 40

what is the longest muscle in the body

Back 40

sartorius

Front 41

what type of muscle is hte sartorius (by fiber)

Back 41

fusiform

Front 42

what is the action of the sartorius

Back 42

hip flexion, external rotation, abduction

Front 43

attachments for the tensor fasciae latae

Back 43

iliium (lateral to sartorius) --> IT band (extending down to lateral tub. of tibia)

Front 44

where is the IT band the thickest

Back 44

lateral side (thickened by the muscle attachments - tensor fasciae latae and gluteus medius)

Front 45

what seperates the thigh into its compartments

Back 45

seperations of the IT band called fascial sheets --> intermuscular septa

partitions the main muscle groups according to innervation

Front 46

what are the actions of the tensor fasciae latae

Back 46

primary flexor
primary abductor
secondary internal rotator

Front 47

where is the tension in the tensor fascia the greatest

Back 47

as it moves distally -- helps stabilize the lateral aspect of extended knee

Front 48

what is the optimal stretch of the IT band

Back 48

knee extension
hip adduction
hip extension

Front 49

what is the "inverted V" in the thigh

Back 49

where the rectus femors emerges, between sartorius and tensor fasiae latae

Front 50

what type of muscle is the rectus femoris

Back 50

bipennate

Front 51

waht are the attachments of the rectus femoris

Back 51

AIIS and superior rim of acetabulum and into joint capsule --> patellar tendon

Front 52

how much of the flexor torque at the hip does the rectus femoris account for

Back 52

about 1/3!

Front 53

what is the force coupling for an anterior tilt

Back 53

hip flexots with low back extensors to increase anterior tilt

ALSO synergy between hip flexors and abdominal muscles - if SLR the abs have to activate in order to maintain a neutral pelvis (counter the anterior tilt of hte hip flexors)

Front 54

which hip flexors are capable of anterior tilting

Back 54

ANY muscle that can do flexion of hip (femoral on pelvic) is equally capable of of anteriorly tilting the pelvis

Front 55

what is the clinical implication of someone with excessively strong hip flexors

Back 55

pull into anterior pelvic tilt --> greater lordosis --> increase compresive loads on lumbar apophyseal joints

Front 56

what would be the clinical presenation of someone with very weak abs and very strong hip flexors (who is the only population we really would see this in)

Back 56

rectus pulls greatly on pelvis causing anterior tilt --> pull on psoas --> increase lumbar lordosis ... seen in poliomyelitis or muscular dystrophic patients

Front 57

what are the primary hip adductors

Back 57

pectineus
adductor longus
gracilis
adductor brevis
adductor magnus

Front 58

what are the secondary hip adductors

Back 58

Biceps femoris
gluteus maximus (especially inferior fibers)
quadratus femorus

Front 59

what are the three layers of muscles in the hip adductors

Back 59

superficial: adductor longus and gracilis

Middle: adductor brevis

Deep: adductor magnus

Front 60

what are the fiber directions of the adductor magnus

Back 60

anterior head:
horizontal (very small) pubic ramus --> linea aspera

oblique: ischial ramus --> linea aspeara --> supracondylar line

Posteroir head: fibers run vertical

Front 61

what planes of movement do the adductors have line of furce

Back 61

they are able to produce torque in all planes of the hip

Front 62

explain a situation in which you can accomplish both pelvic on femoral and femoral on pelvic adduction simultaneously

Back 62

kicking a soccer ball, stance leg is pelvic on femoral, while the kicking leg is femoral on pelvic

Front 63

in what position of the hip does the post. adductor magnus become a powerful hip extensor

Back 63

it is always a powerful extender--- doesnt matter what position

Front 64

explain the role of the adductors in flexion and extension

Back 64

once the adductors pass about 50/60 degrees of hip flexion, they have extension torque because their line of force is shifted posterior

Front 65

what are the primary internal rotators of the hip

Back 65

there arent any