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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All of the following are characteristics of slow motor units except:
A. slow contraction B. rich myoglobin C. rich capillary beds D. resistance to fatigue E. scarce mitochondria |
Scarce mitochondria
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A _________ is rich in capillary beds and generates a small force
A.) Fast fatigable motor unit B.) Fast twitch fiber C.) Slow motor unit D.) Slow twitch fiber E.) None of these answers are correct |
Slow motor unit
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Extrafusal skeletal muscle fibers are stimulated by...
A. Alpha motor neurons B. Lower motor neuron circuits C. Sensory afferents D. Gamma Motor Neurons E. A,B and D are correct |
Alpha motor neurons
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Which of the following Motor Units loses approximately 75 percent of its
maximum force after 1 minute. A. Fast fatigue- resistant B. Slow C.Fast fatigable D. Slow fatigable E. Both A and C |
Fast fatigable
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Which of the following lower motor neurons would be most medially located in the spinal cord?
A. Gluteus Maximus B.Gracilis C. Biceps Femoris D.Gastrocnemius E.None of the above, all would be located laterally. |
Gluteus maximus
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A person is holding an empty soda glass statically at a 90-degree angle. Soda is then
poured into the glass causing a small stretch to the muscle spindle fibers of the bicep. In this scenario the _________ afferent is activated causing bicep ___________. A. Group II, Flexion B. Group Ia, Flexion C. Group II, Extension D. Group Ia, Extension E. None of the above answers are correct |
Group 1a, flexion
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Which of these is FALSE:
A. If gain is high than a small stretch will cause large recruitment and firing. B. If gain is low than a larger stretch will be required for the same effect. C. Gain is referred to as the level of alpha motor neuron activity. D. When a bus accelerates, you increase gain so you do not fall over. E. During stretching, you decrease gain so muscle can lengthen. |
Gain is referred to as the level of alpha motor neuron activity
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Which statement is correct about the cross extension reflex when your LEFT leg is
stepping on a nail while you are not wearing shorts orshoes? A. right leg knee extensors inhibited, right knee flexors excited B. left leg knee extensors excited, left knee flexors inhibited C. left leg knee extensors inhibited, left knee flexors excited D. right leg knee extensors inhibited, left knee flexors excited E. pain afferents from the left leg will go to the right side of the spinal cord first |
Left leg knee extensors inhibited, left knee flexors excited
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f a small stretch in the muscle is detected which type of intrafusal muscle fiber and
afferent axon are involved in this? A. Golgi Tendon Organ, Group IB B. Nuclear Chain, Group II C. Nuclear Chain, Gamma Motor Neuron D. Nuclear Bag, Group IA E. Nuclear Bag, Group IB |
Nuclear bag, group 1a
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How many percent of the entire stride does the stance phase comprise of?
A) 32% B) 52% C) 62% D) 100% E) None of the above |
62%
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The _____ motor neurons travel through the _____ matter and synapse with the _____
motor neurons which are found in the _____ matter. A. upper, grey, lower, white B. lower, grey, upper, white C. upper, white, upper, grey D. upper, white, lower, grey E. lower, grey, upper, grey |
upper, white, lower, grey
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?
A. Loss of fine tuned movements B. Loss of the sense of touch C. Atrophy of distal muscles D. Loss of the ability to swallow E. Loss of the ability to breathe. |
Loss of the sense of touch
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The upper motor neurons in the _________ bifurcate and synapse on both sides of the
spinal cord in the __________ which controls ___________. A. brainstem, medial ventral horn, posture and balance B. cerebral cortex, lateral ventral horn, posture and balance C. brainstem, lateral ventral horn, skilled movements D. cerebral cortex, medial ventral horn, skilled movements E. all of the above are valid options |
Brainstem, medial ventral horn, posture and balance
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What muscles are co-activated at 0% and 100% of the gait cycle to control and protect
the knee? A. Biceps Femoris and Rectus Femoris B. Tibialis Anterior and Medial Gastrocnemius C. Iliopsoas and Gluteus Maximus D. Biceps Femoris and Iliopsoas E. Rectus Femoris and Medial Gastrocnemius |
Biceps femoris and rectus femoris
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. Which muscle is incorrectly paired with its function during the gait cycle?
A. Gastrocnemius—used to propel you forward during the push off B. Tibialis anterior—activated in order to control toes dropping to the ground before foot placement C.Iliopsoas—extends the hip joint during the swing phase D. All of the above E. Both A & B |
Iliopsoas- extends the hip joint during the swing phase
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What is the function of the Colliculospinal tract?
A.Regulates flexor muscle B. Controls axial muscles in the neck C.Regulation of wakefulness D.Regulates extensor muscle E. All of the above |
Controls axial muscles in the neck
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The lateral reticulospinal tract regulates which of the following?
A. Adductor muscles B. Flexor and extensor muscles C. Extensor muscles D. Flexor muscles E. Abduction muscles |
flexor muscles
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Stellate, or “star shaped” neurons with five or six sides are located within which of the
six layers of Area 4? A. Layer 2 B. Layer 4 C. Layer 6 D. Layer 4 AND Layer 6 E. None of the above |
Layer 4
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Which layer of the primary motor cortex contains Betz cells?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 E. 6 |
5
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The rubrospinal tract originates from which of the following?
A. Lateral vestibular nuclei B. Area 4 of the cerebral cortex C. Red Nucleus D. Reticular formation E. None of the above |
Red nucleus
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the basal ganglia in the frontal lobe?
a. Caudate b. Substantia Nigra c. Putamen d. Subthalmic nucleus e. All of the above are a component of the basal ganglia in the frontal lobe |
Substantia nigra
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The caudate specializes in _______ while the putamen specializes in _________
A. Limb and trunk movements, planning B. Limb and trunk movements, eye movements C. Eye movements, planning D. Eye movements, limb and trunk movements E. None of the abov |
Eye movements, limb and trunk movements
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What is the postsynaptic effect and function of GABA?
A. Inhibitory; Motor Control B. Excitatory: Learning C. Inhibitory: heart rate D. Excitatory; Wakefulness E. Inhibitory: Memory |
Inhibitory; motor control
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.Which of the following is (are) tonically active when the striatum is at rest?
A) Globus Pallidus B) Thalamus C) Motor Cortex D) Caudate E) Subthalamic Nucleus |
Globus pallidux
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Parksinson's Disease?
A. Failure of postural reflexes B. Tremors while at rest C. Bradykinesia D. Decreased arm swing E. None of the above |
None of the above
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Which cerebellar peduncle contains both afferent and efferent pathways?
A. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle B. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle C. Deep Cerebellar Peduncle D. Dentate Cerebellar Peduncle E. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle |
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
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The inability to perform rapid movements is called?
A.Dysmetria B.Nystagmus C.Intention Tremors D.Dysdiadochokinesia E.Bradykinesia |
Dysdiadochokinesia
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What 3 areas of the brainstem get information from the muscle spindle and Golgi
tendon to send to the cerebellum? a. Pointe Nuclei, Vestibular Nuclei, External Cuneate Nuclei b. Inferior Olive, External Cuneate Nucleus, Vestibular Nuclei c. Inferior Olive, Deep Cerebellar Nuclei, Cerebellar Cortex d. Inferior Olive, External Cuneate Nucleus, Dorsal Nucleus of Clarke e. External Cuneate Nucleus, Deep Cerebellar Nuclei, Cerebellar Cortex |
Inferior olive, external cuneate nucleus, dorsal nucleus of clarke
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With what cell does the purkinje cell synapse?
a) Granule Cell b) Mossy Fiber c) Merkel Cell d) Deep Cerebellar Nuclear Cell e) None of the above |
Deep cerebellar nuclear cell
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. The denate nucleus of the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei is responsible for __________
a. Planning, initiation and control of volitional movement b. Modulates muscle stretch reflexes of distal muscle groups c. Coordinates antigravity muscle groups and other synergies involved with standing and walking d. None of these are correct e. All of these are correct |
Planning, initiation and control of volitional movement
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