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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Two characteristics of learning.
You do not observe learning directly.
We can make inferences about learning observing and measuring behavior and/or performance.
Observable behavior, execution of a skill at a specific time in a specific situation.
performance
Can only be "observed" from charcteristics of a person's performance.
learning
A change in the capability of a person to perform a skill that must be inferred from a relatively permanent improvement in performance as a result of practice or experience.
learning
Performance variables...
can affect a person's performance but not be indicative of the degree of learning that has occurred (e.g. alertness, anxiety, fatigue)
4 observable performance characteristics that indicate skill learning is taking place.
1. Improvement
2. Consistency
3. Persistence
4. Adaptability
Performance of a skill shows IMPROVEMENT over time.
Bad or good habits!
improvement
Performance becomes more CONSISTENT/stable.
Acquired behavior not easily disturbed by minor personal or environmental changes.
consistency
Improved performance capability lasts over INCREASING PERIODS OF TIME.
(teammate temper tantrum)
persistence
Improved performance is ADAPTABLE to a variety of performance and environmental charcacteristics.
(one-touch at dawn)
adaptability
Performance curves demonstrate general trends.
Linear curves
Negatively accelerated curves
Positively accelerated curves
S-shaped curves
This learning assessment shows persistence. Does learning last?
Retention tests.
Show something 3 different ways to increase learning curve.
This learning assessment shows adaptibility; novel context or novel variation. You don't "cue", but let them figure it out on their own.
Transfer tests.
This learning assessment demonstrates stability and consistency of coordination patterns.
Coordination dynamics.
Does practice performance truly represent (cognitive) learning?
no
Performance variables may influence performance...
during practice.
Performance plateaus...
may be occuring.
Cognitive learning occurs during plateaus.
Plateaus appear to be associated with performace characteristics rather than...
learning characteristics.
Learning seems to continue...
during plateaus.
What are the reasons for plateaus?
Developing new strategies; period of transition between two phases of acquiring certain aspects of new skills.
Learning variations on a known skill.
More reasons for plateaus...
Poor motivation.
Fatigue.
Lack of attention to important aspects of the skill.
Ceiling or floor effects of the performance measure.