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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a drug?
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A drug is a chemical agent that affects living processes.
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What are pharmacokinetics?
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Pharmacokinetics is the study of a drug through the body to produce the desired effects.
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What are the five steps of pharmacokinentics and what do they describe?
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The five steps of pharmacokinetics describe the movement of a drug through the body. The steps are:
1)Administration 2)Absorption 3)Distribution 4)Metabolism 5)Excretion |
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What are the two subroutes of administration?
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Enteral route: through the GI tract; can include, oral, sublingual, rectal.
Parental Route: intravenous,intraarterial intramuscular, subcutaneous injections |
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What is a vehicle?
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A vehicle in pharmacology is something that facilitates entry into the body like a tablet, capsule, liquid, powder, enteric coated preparation, sustained released preparation.
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What is drug absorption?
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Drug absorption is movement of a drug from it's site of administration to the blood.
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What are the factors that affect the rate of absorption?
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Rate of dissolution, surface area, blood flow, and lipid solubility.
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What is the half life of a drug?
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The half life is the amount of time it takes for the drug to reduce by 50%
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What is the therapeutic range?
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The therapeutic range is from smallest effective amount of the drug to the toxic amount of the drug. The greater the therapeutic range the safer the drug.
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What is the dosing objective with the therapeutic range?
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The dosing objective is to maintain plasma levels using therapeutic range.
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What is the first past effect?
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The first pass effect is when a drug is metabolized in the liver by hepatic enzymes.
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What factors affect distribution?
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Blood flow, exiting the vascular system and receptorless drugs.
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What is excretion?
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Excretion is the process in drugs are excreted through the body such as urine, sweat, lungs, breast milk, saliva, bile.
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What is potency mean?
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A potent drugs requires less dosage to illicit the same effects of a similar drug.
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What is MEC and what does it mean?
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The minimum effective concentration (MEC) is the smallest concentration of drug that must be available to produce an effect.
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Define Maximal Efficacy.
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Maximal Efficacy is a dose response where once a dose threshold is met, the response won't be greater regardless of addition of more drug.
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How are dosing intervals and plasma concentrations related?
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There is a latency period between the dose and the therapeutic effect. If a dose is given and falls below the maximal effective concentration, there will be no effect.
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When administering drug to an athlete, what must you record?
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1) Athlete's name
2) Date 3) Drug Administered 4) Symptoms 5) Amount of drug given |
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What is a drug interaction?
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A drug interaction may occur when two drugs are taken simultaneously. The drugs may act synergistically or inhibit each other.
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What are some factors that affect drug interaction?
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1)Genetics and age
2)Amount of drug given 3)Duration of drug therapy 4)time interval between taking the drugs 5)Which drug was taken first. 6)Current illness/disease |
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What is Reye's Syndrome?
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Reye's syndrome is a severe disorder where a child frequently vomits after onset of the condition. Either recover rapidly or coma.
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What are NSAID's?
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Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs produce analgesia, reduce pain and fever by inhibiting prostaglandins
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What are the most common analgesics used by athletes?
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Aspirin, Tylenol, Advil
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How do Analgesics control pain?
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1)Decreases excitatory response of an impulse
2)inhibit individual impulse 3)decrease perception of impulse 4)decreases anxiety by controlling pain |
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What is the function of an analgesic?
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An analgesic reduces or inhibits pain
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What are some side effects of NSAID's?
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Side effects can include GI irritation, renal impairment, hypersensitivity reactions.
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What is the effect on cyclooxygenase?
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The effect on cyclooxygenase inhibits the production of prostaglandins.
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How do NSAID's have an antipryretic effect?
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NSAID's lowers the set temperature point set by the hypothalamus.
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