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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
4 Distinct Evaluations
1. Pre-participation (prior to start of season)
2. On-the-field assessment
3. Off-the-field evaluation (performed in the clinic/training room
4. Progress Evaluation
X-Axis
Sagittal Plane / Medial-Lateral Axis
Y-Axis
Transverse Plane / Longitudinal Axis
Z-Axis
Frontal Plane / Anterior-Posterior Axis
Etiology
Cause of injury or disease
Mechanism
mechanical description of cause
Pathology
structural and functional changes associated with injury process
Symptoms
perceptible changes in body or function that indicate injury or illness (subjective)
Sign
objective, definitive and obvious indicator for specific condition
Degree
Grading for injury / condition
Diagnosis
Denotes name of specific condition
Prognosis
prediction of the course of the condition
Sequela
condition following and resulting from disease or injury ( pneumonia resulting from flu )
Syndrome
group of symptoms and signs that together indicate a particular injury or disease.
HOPS
History
Observation
Palpation
Special Tests
HIPS
History
Inspection
Palpation
Special Tests
Special Tests :
Compare inert and contractile tissue and their integrity for CONTRACTILE TISSUE
Lesion in contractile tissue will result in pain with motion (pain with active motion in one direction and with passive motion in opposite direction)
Special Tests :
Compare inert and contractile tissue and their integrity for INERT TISSUE
Lesion in inert tissue will elicit pain on active and passive motion in the same direction
Active Range of Motion ( AROM)
Should be first movement assessment
Passive Range of Motion (PROM)

End Feel
Athlete must remain relaxed to remove influence of contractile tisse

END FEEL - The specific quality of movement felt by an examiner moving a joint to the end of its ROM
Resisted Range of Motion ( RROM)
Evaluate status of contractile tissue
Postural Examination
Used to look at asymmetries by comparing body relative to grid or plumb line
Anthropometric Measurements
Science of measuring the body

Includes ostemetry, craniometry, skin-fold measurements, height and weight.
Volumetric Measurements
- Used to determine changes in limb volume caused by swelling which can be attributed to hemorrhaging, edema or inflammation.
- Measure water that is displaced from a tank in which limb is immersed.
S . O . A . P
Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan
IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES

Radiographs ( plain film x-ray )
Bone injuries, joint surfaces / spaces
Computed Tomography ( CT ) Scan
Bony / articular cartilage injuries
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI )
Soft tissue injuries ( ligament, menisci )
Bone Scan
Acute bony changes ( ex. Stress fx. ), injection of a radionuclide Tc- 99m
DEXA Scan
Bone Density
Ultrasonic Imaging
Tendon / soft tissue imaging
Arthrography
Visual study of joint via X-ray after injection of dye, air, or a combination of both

Shows disruption of soft tissue and loose bodies
Arthroscopy
Invasive technique, using fiber-optic arthroscope, used to assess joint integrity and damage
Myelography
Opaque dye injected into epidural space of spinal canal ( through lumbar puncture )

Used to detect tumors, nerve root compression and disk disease and other diseases associated with the spinal cord.
Arteriogram
Catheter inserted into blood vessel and contrast medium is injected

Using x-ray, images are taken to determine path of fluid flow in vessels
Venogram
Radiographic procedure used to image veins filled with contrast medium

Used for detecting thrombophlebitis and for tracing of venous pulse
Doppler Ultrasound
Used to examine blood flow in arms and legs.

Detects blood clots, venous insufficiency, vessel closing, or altered blood flow.
Echocardiography
Uses ultrasound to produce graphic record of cardiac structures ( valves and dimensions of left atrium and ventricles )
Electroencephalography ( EEG )
Records electrical potentials produced in the brain to detect changes or abnormal brain wave patterns
Electromyography
Graphic recording of muscle electrical activity using surface or needle electrodes.

Used to evaluate muscular conditions.