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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Autograft?
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Graft from one part of the body to another
Skin graft |
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Isograft?
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Graft from genetically identical individuals
Kidney transplant between identical twins |
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Allograft?
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Transplant between members of the same species
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Xenograft?
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Graft between individuals of different species
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What are 2 treatments to end stage kidney disease? Which is preferrable?
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Kidney transplantation and dialysis
Transplantation is preferred if patient can withstand surgery and immunosuppression |
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What are 2 forms of dialysis?
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1. Hemodialysis - blood filtered when toxins move from blood --> plastic kidney --> into dialysate
2. Peritoneal dialysis - Blood filtered when toxins move from blood --> across peritoneal membranes --> into dialysate |
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For which 2 populations is transplantation most beneficial (over dialysis)?
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Age 20-39
Diabetes patients |
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What is the major unsolved problem in renal transplantation?
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Shortage of organs for transplantation
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What happens as you increase the time patients are on dialysis?
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Decrease life expectancy after a transplant the longer they were on dialysis
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What did studies find happened to patients who were brain dead, but continued on maximal life support?
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Cardiac death inevitably followed after
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What causes acute and renal allograft loss?
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1. Alloantigen-dependent (HLA) antibodies
2. Alloantigen independent causes - CV disease, poor quality of kidney |
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When are most anti-donor HLA antibodies present?
What are 4 mechanisms throught which HLA antibodies develop? |
Before the transplantation
1. Immunizations via a previous sold organ transplant 2. Immunization via blood transfusion 3. Immunization via pregnancy 4. Immunization via infection |
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What is HLA cross-matching?
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Test to detect anti-HLA antibodies
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If there are no anti-HLA antibodies, what course of action is taken and why?
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Transplant occurs.
Even if poor HLA matching, immunosuppressive drugs are so powerful |
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What is the mechanism by which Imunosuppressive medications suppress signal 1?
What are 2 examples? |
Inhibit T cell receptor signaling to nucleus
-OKT3 = anti-CD3 -Inhibit activation of cytokine genes by TCR |
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What is the mechanism by which immunosuppressive drugs inhibit signal 2?
What is one example? |
Inhibit co-stimulatory signals
Prevents interaction between CD28 (T cells) and B7 (APC) |
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What is the mechanism by which immunosuppressive drugs inhibit signal 3?
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Inhibit the response of T cells cytokines such as interleukin 2
Inhibit IL2R |
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What are 3 effects of immunosuppressive medications?
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1. Increase susceptibility to infection and cancer
2. Contribute to post-transplant diabetes 3. CV disease |
