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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which glomerular disease has a prolonged onset, with severe prolonged increase in glomerular permeability to proteins?
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Nephrotic syndrome
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This glomerular disease is due to inflammation of the glomerulus and is associated with diffuse inflammatory chages of the glomerulus
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Nephritic syndrome
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Which type of glomerular disease has hematuria, red cell casts, hypertension, edema and increased BUN and creatinine
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Nephritic Syndrome
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accumulation of nitrogenous compounds in the blood is called what?
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azotemia
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Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Nephritic or nephrotic? |
nephritic
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Goodpasture's Syndrome
Nephritic of nephrotic? |
Nephritic
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Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
nephritic or nephrotic? |
nephritic
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glomerular disease due to changes in glomerular permeability with loss of >3.5 g of proteinuria per day
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nephrotic syndrome
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severe proteinuria, frothy urine, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia and edema are signs and symptoms of which type of glomerular diseases?
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Nephrotic
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What is the #1 nephrotic syndrome in children?
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Minimal Change Disease
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What is the #1 nephrotic syndrome in adults?
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Membranous GN
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hematuria, azotemia, variable proteinuria, oliguria, edema, and hypertension
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acute nephritic syndrome
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The severest form of nephritic syndrome
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acute nephritis - rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
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azotemia with uremia progressing for years
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chronic renal failure
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muscle twitches & cramps, fatigue, decreased mental acuity, N/V, hypertension secondary to hypervolemia, pruritis, pericarditis, and occasionally uremic frost is WHAT?
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uremia
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What is always present in Rapidly Progressive glomerulonephritis?
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CRESCENTS
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Without treatment this SEVERE Glomerular injury and form of acute nephritic syndrome will cause death from renal failure in weeks to months
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Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
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Which type of RPGN is idiopathic or caused by Goodpasture's?
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Type I
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Which type of RPGN is idiopathic, caused by SLE, Henoch-Schonlein, or post infectious
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Type II
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Which type of RPGN is idiopathic, caused by Wegener's, microscopic polyangiitis, and occasionally advanced teminal polyarteritis nodosa?
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Type III
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What is the biopsy finding in minimal change disease?
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loos of foot processes
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Which nephrotic syndrome has a thickened basement membrane with subepithelial deposits of IgG and C3 complement in a "spike and dome" pattern?
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Membranous Glomerulonephritis
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Focal and segmental sclerosis of the glomerulus that progressed to be a diffuse and global pattern that then causes chronic renal failure
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Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
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Which glomerulonephritis show a "tram track" pattern on biopsy?
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Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
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This nephritic syndrome has a (+) ASO titer and on biopsy it shows a "lumpy-bumpy" pattern and is usually self-limited with excellent prognosis
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Acute Proliferative Glomerulonephritis
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Nephritic syndrome that is due to anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies and commonly has hemoptysis?
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Goodpasture's Syndrome
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This is the most common overall primary glomerular disease;f Labs show increased serum IgA
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IgA Nephropathy (Berger's Disease)
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In this glomerular disease you see a thick GM and mesangial growth = nodular sclerosis; it gradually progresses to chronic renal failure and ESRD
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Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
(Kimmelstiel-Wilson Syndrome) |
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What does Lupus nephropathy show in the glomerulus?
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wire loop lesions
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Basement membrane splitting in the glomerulus is what syndrome?
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Alport's syndrome
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What is the #1 cause of Acute Tubular necrosis (ATN)?
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pre-renal acute renal failure
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Muddy brown casts on urinalysis are pathognomonic for what?
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ATN - acute tubular necrosis
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Most cases of ATN are associated with what?
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hypoperfusion
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Some cases of ATN are d/t destruction of renal tubule cells secondary to tosins (TOXIC ATN) what are some causes?
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1) free hemoglobin
2) myoglobin 3) ethylene glycol 4) AGs 5) amphotericin B 6) cisplatin 7) contrast media |
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What are the 3 types of acute renal failure (ARF) ?
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pre-renal
intrinsic post-renal |
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This type of ARF results in oliguria and has a BUN:Cr ratio of >20:1
What is the ARF and how do you TX it? |
Pre-renal ARF
TX: IV fluids |
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What is the #1 cause of renal ARF?
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pre-renal ARF
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This type of ARF has a BUN:Cr ratio of <10:1; with elevated K, Na, Mg, and Cl as well as decreased Ca
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Intrinsic ARF
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approximately 3/4 of CKD cases occur secondary to what 3 diseases?
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diabetes, glomerulonephritis, or hypertension
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Azotemia with fatigue, nausea, decreased EPO levels, decreased active vitamin D, hypocalcemia, and hyperkalemis with arrhythmia risk are features of what disease?
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Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
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What management is required for urolithiasis?
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oral and IV fluids; if unsuccessful lithotripsy is used
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Most common type of kidney stone?
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CALCIUM
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What two urea-splitting organisms can cause a triple stone?
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Proteus and staphylococcus saprophyticus
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What is the staghorn calculus made of ?
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Mg-NH4-Phosphate
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What must a patient with a struvite also be treated with after management of the stone
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ANTIBIOTICS
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Gout, leukemia, and excessive consumption of purines can result in what type of kidney stone?
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Uric Acid Stone
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What is the source of endogenously produced uric acid?
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nucleid acid to either adenosine or guanosine
adenosine to hypoxanthine and guanosine to guanine and both of those to xanthine and ultimately URIC ACID |
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Impaired tubular resorption of cysteine, ornithine, arginine, and lysine yielding COAL is what type of stone?
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Cystine stone
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