Key Terms Pharmacology: An Introduction Ch 2

Front 1

bioavailability

Back 1

percentage of the drug dosage that is absorbed.

Front 2

drug absorption

Back 2

entrance of a drug into the bloodstream from its site of administration.

Front 3

drug addiction

Back 3

condition of drug abuse and drug dependence that is characterized by compulsive drug behavior.

Front 4

drug dependence

Back 4

condition of reliance on the use of a particular drug, characterized as physical and / psychological dependence.

Front 5

drug distribution

Back 5

passage of a drug from the blood to the tissues and organs of the body.

Front 6

drug excretion

Back 6

elimination of the drug from the body

Front 7

drug metabolism

Back 7

the enzymatic biotransformation of a drug into metabolites.

Front 8

drug microsomal metabolizing system (DMMS)

Back 8

group of enzymes located primarily in the liver that function to metabolize drugs.

Front 9

drug tolerance

Back 9

decrease drug affect occurring after repeated drug administration.

Front 10

enzyme induction

Back 10

increase in the amount drug metabolizing enzymes after repeated administration of certain drugs.

Front 11

enzyme inhibition

Back 11

inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes by certain drugs.

Front 12

first-pass metabolism

Back 12

drug metabolism that occurs in the intestines and liver during oral absorption of drugs into the systemic circulation.

Front 13

half-life

Back 13

time required for the body to reduce the amount of drug in the plasma by one half.

Front 14

individual variation

Back 14

difference in the effect of drug and drug dosages from one person to another.

Front 15

intramuscular (IM) injection

Back 15

route of drug administration; drug is injected into gluteal or deltoid muscles.

Front 16

intravenous (IV) injection

Back 16

route of drug administration; drug is injected directly into a vein.

Front 17

loading dose

Back 17

initial drug dose administered to rapidly achieve therapeutic drug concentrations.

Front 18

maintenance dose

Back 18

dose administered to maintain drug levels in blood in the therapeutic range.

Front 19

oral administration

Back 19

route of drug administration by way of the of the mouth through swallowing.

Front 20

parenteral administration

Back 20

route of drug administration that does not involve the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Front 21

pharmacokinetics

Back 21

describes the processes of drug absorption, drug distribution, drug metabolism, and drug excretion.