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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Involuntary Muscles/Smooth Muscles
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under involuntary control (cannot conscientiously control the muscle) often found in blood vessels and allow the blood vessels to contract and relax
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Cardiac Muscles
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specialized muscles specific to the heart
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Voluntary Muscles/Skeletal Muscles
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able to move bones and consists of muscle fibres striped in appearance and enclosed in a sheath/covering called fascia which allows for movement
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Four Major Functions of the Muscular System
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Produce movement because they are attached to bone
Stabilizes joints Maintains posture Produces heat |
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Excitability
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the ability to receive and respond to a stimulus
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Contractility
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the ability of the muscle to shorten with adequate stimulation
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Extensibility
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the ability to be stretched or extended
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Elasticity
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the ability of the muscle to recoil and resume its original state
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Isometric
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when tension develops in the muscle but no change occurs
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Isotonic
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produces movement with either a shortening or lengthening of muscle
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Mover
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responsible for moving and their action can be called prime movers
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Antagonists
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have opposite action to mover muscles
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Fixator/Stabilizer
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muscles that surround a joint
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Neutralizer
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muscles that stops an unwanted action by becoming isometric
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Support
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muscles that function at joints as isometric contractor
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Synergist/Guiding Muscles
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helps mover muscles
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Parallel
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run along the axis of the muscle eg. biceps
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Convergent
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form a triangular muscle eg. pectoralis major
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Pennate
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lie at a right angle to a muscle eg. rectus femoris
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Circular
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look like rings around body openings eg. sphincter
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Anatomy & Physiology of Muscles
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long and cylindrical with cross striations, have plasma membranes that cover the muscle cells, and have myoglobin
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myoglobin
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red pigment that stores oxygen in the muscle cell
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