Key Terms Of The European Empires

Front 1

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 1

1519, circumnavigates the world, Spain is forced to give up on western route and turn intrest to New World, proves world is round

Front 2

Batholomeu Dias

Back 2

sailed and charted the east coast of Africa, portuguese, got lost at the Cape of Good Hope and turned back

Front 3

Prince Henry the Navigator

Back 3

Portuguese, set up school for sea navigation, interested in the new world and exploration

Front 4

Treaty of Tordesillas

Back 4

Pope decides 1494 that Portugal gets Brazil and Spain gets all other New World territories

Front 5

Isabella of Castile

Back 5

marries Ferdinand of Aragon to unify the Iberian peninsula and create a unified Spain, forced conversions to Christianity, sent Christopher Columbus to the New World, exiled both Muslims and Jews

Front 6

conquistadores

Back 6

Spanish explorers of the New World

Front 7

Montezuma II

Back 7

ruler of the Aztec Empire when Hernando Cortes took over with superior technology, firearms, cavalry, and the help of local slave tribes

Front 8

Bartholome de La Casas

Back 8

Apolegetic History (1515) wrote of the horrors in the New World by the conquistadores, European disease spreads to natives

Front 9

Henry VII

Back 9

first of Tudor line

Front 10

Ivan IV the Terrible

Back 10

killed son, military leader, limits boyar power to centralize Russia/Muscovy, has agriculture slaves, failed to establish Baltic port after warfare with Poland-Lithuania

Front 11

Wars of the Roses

Back 11

(1455-1485) Lancaster v. York, Lancaster descendant Tudor family takes English throne

Front 12

reconquista

Back 12

Ferdinand & Isabella re-conquer the Iberian peninsula (Spain), unify Spain, and throw Muslims & Jews out

Front 13

conversos

Back 13

converts in Spain, 1492, forced conversions under Ferdinand and Isabella, ultimately distrusted and turned away from Spain

Front 14

Pavia

Back 14

the slaughter of French nobility in 1525, the largest in a century--the effects of new technology and artillery in the 16th century

Front 15

Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis

Back 15

ends Italian Wars in 1550

Front 16

Habssburgs

Back 16

Holy Roman Empire dynasty

Front 17

Incas

Back 17

natives in Peru, Pizarro attacked

Front 18

Vasco de Gama

Back 18

Portuguese retry's Dias's trip to Asia from around Africa, makes it past the Cape of Good Hope to India

Front 19

Francisco Pizarro

Back 19

conquistador of Incas in Peru, discovers lots of bullion to send back to Spain

Front 20

Sebastian Elcano

Back 20

1522, 3 years after departing, after Magellan has died, Elcano finishes the journey back to Spain

Front 21

gabelle

Back 21

consumption tax on the purchase of salt in most parts of the kingdom

Front 22

Teutonic Knights

Back 22

Baltic Christian military power

Front 23

Charles V

Back 23

(Castile, Aragon, Naples, Low Countries, HRE), Spain councils, aggressive foreign policy, Ottoman Empire war, New World colonies

Front 24

Ivan III the Great

Back 24

no competitors to throne, military & expansion, Petersburg, great ruler

Front 25

Henry VIII

Back 25

2nd king in Tudor Line, 6 wives, Supreme Head of the Church of England, married to Catherine of Aragon and then divorced, Split from Rome, married Anne Boleyn, wanted male heir, son Edward VI died at age 16

Front 26

Battle of Nancy

Back 26

Swiss v. Burgundy, 1477, Charles the Bold (las Valois duke of Burgundy) died here, estates quickly dismembered, France threatened by all foreign invasions

Front 27

taille

Back 27

French tax directly to property from which nobility and clergy were exempt

Front 28

Spanish Inquisition

Back 28

An ecclesiastical tribunal utilized to combat heresy and non-Christians; used by Fredinand and Isabella against the coversos, of converted Jews of Spain

Front 29

Treaty of Madrid

Back 29

Francis I cede Burgundy to Habsburgs & recognize Spanish conquest of Navarre & Naples

Front 30

Thomas Cromwell

Back 30

creates national church system independent from Rome for Henry VIII after the split from Rome

Front 31

caravel

Back 31

small Portuguese ships developed in the 15th century perfect for sea travel

Front 32

Columbus

Back 32

sent by F & I of Spain, found the New World, 1492, Treaty of Tordesillas settles dispute between Portugal and Spain

Front 33

Ptolemy

Back 33

study of navigation, maps, charts, sea travel

Front 34

Hernando Cortes

Back 34

conquistador of central Mexio's native tribe Aztecs, with technology, calvary, artillery, and help of other native tribes, Cortes overthrew Montezuma II

Front 35

Balboa

Back 35

crossed the land passage of Panama, 1st European to see Pacific ocean

Front 36

Aztecs

Back 36

Mexican tribe overthrown by Cortes, lead by Montezuma II

Front 37

Montaigne

Back 37

humanist wrote "On Cannibals"

Front 38

Jagiellons

Back 38

Rulers of Bohemia and Hungary during 16th century

Front 39

tatars

Back 39

Ivan IV burned Moscow so as not to let the Crimean Tatars take over in 1571

Front 40

boyars

Back 40

russian nobility, heightened by Ivan III the Great and diminished by Ivan IV the Terrible

Front 41

new monarchies

Back 41

the more centralized European gov'ts of western Europe created in the 15th and 16th centuries

Front 42

Valois

Back 42

French catholic family, basically ruled by Catherine de Medici, French Civil War

Front 43

Louis XI

Back 43

king most associated with the consolidation of France, "the spider", extended France and his power, wasn't fancy at all, subdued nobility