Key Terms From Abnormal Psych Ch 6

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Mood disorder

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One of a group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression

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Major depressive episode

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Most common and severe experience of depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disurbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least two weeks

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somatic or vegetative symptoms

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physical changes involved in major depression

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anhedonia

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loss of energy and inability to engage in pleasurable activities or have fun

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Mania

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period of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria associated with some mood disorders

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flight of ideas

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speech rapid and incoherent because individual is attempting to express so many exciting ideas at once (during manic episode)

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manic episode

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period of abnormally elevated of irritable mood that may include inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, flight of ideas, agitation, or self-destructive behavior

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hypomanic episode

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less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders

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unipolar mood disorder

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individuals experience either depression or mania, not both

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bipolar mood disorder

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individual alternates between depression and mania

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mixed manic episode/dysphoric manic episode

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condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time

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Major depressive disorder, single episode

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mood disorder involving one major depressive episode

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major depressive disorder, recurrent

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mood disorder involving multiple major depressive episodes, separated by at least two months without depression

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dysthymic disorder

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mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months

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double depression

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severe mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of dysthymic disorder

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pathological grief reaction or impacted grief reaction

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extreme reaction to the death of a loved one that involves psychotic features, suicidal ideation, or severe loss of weight or energy or that persists more than 2 months

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Bipolar II Disorder

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alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes)

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Bipolar I Disorder

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Alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes

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cyclothymic disorder

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chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder characterized by an alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes

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longitudinal course

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Occurrence of past episodes and level of recovery from those episodes

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Rapid-Cycling

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only applies to bipolar I and bipolar II; quick movement in and out of depressive or manic episodes (at least 4 episodes within a year)

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Rapid switching/Rapid mood switching

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direct transition from one mood state to another without any break

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Seasonal Pattern Specifier

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applies to bipolar and recurrent major depressive disorder, episodes occur during certain seasons

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Seasonal Affective Disorder

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Mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring during the winter

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neurohormones

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hormones that affect the brain and are increasingly the focus of study in psychopathology

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learned helplessness theory of depression

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people become anxious and depressed when they decide, or make an attribution, that they have no control over the stress in their life

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Depressive attributional style

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1. Internal: individual attributes negative events to personal failings
2. Stable: even after a particular negative event passes the attribution that every bad thing will always be my fault
3. Global: attributions extend across a range of issues

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depressive cognitive triad

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thinking errors by depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future

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ECT (electroconvulsive therapy)

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Biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures. Reasons for effectiveness unknown

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Cognitive therapy

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Treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes--and ultimately, more adaptive behavior and coping styles.

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interpersonal psychotherapy

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brief treatment approach that emphasizes resolution of interpersonal problems and stressors, such as role disputes in marital conflict, forming relationships in marriage, or a new job. I has demonstrated effectiveness for such problems as depression.

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Maintenance treatment

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Combination of continued psychosocial treatment, medication, or both designed to prevent relapse following therapy

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Suicidal attempt

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EFfort made to kill oneslef

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Suicidal ideation

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serious thoughts about committing suicide

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psychological autopsy

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postmortem psychological profile of a suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who knew the person before death